British Airways Business Directions Free Essay Example, 1500 words

The company performed its activities referring to a bureaucratic structure with policies and procedures. However, in the last years it has been the reduction of its management levels and today the company has a formal structure with responsibilities that cover numerous positions in the company. The structure of British Airways is flat type and has one level of hierarchy. It segregates management from the bottom-line employees. The organization has separated positions in management into ten divisions with subordinates in each. These divisions are planning, investment and alliances, commerce, ground operation, engineering, flight operation, IT, finance, law and HR. Nowadays, the air transport industry is that huge and customer- oriented that is allows every individual to reach the most distant points on the global scale. Moreover, air transport is an essential factor for many other industries such as tourism and hi- technology (Button 2008). The second largest international airlines c ompany in the world that serve scheduled passenger carriage is British Airways. It is also the largest international scheduled airline in the United Kingdom that operates international and domestic carriage of freight and mail and the ancillary services. We will write a custom essay sample on British Airways Business Directions or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now With earnings of over eight billion pounds sterling, the company has the largest employee headcount in the United Kingdom with forty- two thousand people serving worldwide (Operating profits rise at British Airways owner 2014). It is necessary to mention that British Airways macro environment consists of numerous external factors that directly or indirectly put an impact on this business. If they are managed in an efficient way, they ensure the company a constant growth and a reliable future. However, the largest factor, the global economic conditions that are changeable, do not guarantee the company its constant growth, development and profitability. Instead, they may cause loss in profit and less number of customers as a result. British Airways offer its services to the customers across the globe operating individuals and business travelers.

Simon Bolivar And George Washington - 843 Words

Two Heroes, One Continent Simon Bolivar and George Washington were two heroes that were born in the new continent. They had special military abilities and exceptional intelligence. They had won their place in history for being the biggest liberators of our continent. Bolivar the father of the countries that he liberates and Washington is the father of United States of America. Both had an aristocrat family and a good education, but they fought against oppression and against the Spanish and British Empires. Simon Jose Antonio de la Santà ­sima Trinidad Bolivar and Palacios was born in Caracas on July 24, 1783. He died in Santa Marta on December 17, 1830. Best known as Simon Bolivar. He was a Venezuelan military and politician, founder of†¦show more content†¦The strategies of war for both were very different. Bolivar used strong military strategies and had a brilliant use of cavalry and flanking. He was also a supporter of the use of the surprise factor in battles. He had an advantage, the British forces helped him to win. Nevertheless, he participates and win two big battles, Carabobo and Boyacà ¡. Although originally Washington had advocated the development of a traditional war, he was convinced of the effectiveness of harassing the British. I use it by much the military tactic called Fabiana. One of the most important was the victory against of the French invasion. In terms of political strategies. the vision of bolivar always involved people as part of the nation. Simon Bolivar was a stronger general. Was unable to create his republic. Bolivar tried to use authority to create stability, but failed. in some years later his vision was clouded by the victory and began to develop characteristics dictatorial. He was commonly seen as a dictator from his authoritative views. He declared himself dictator of Gran Colombia in 1828. Washington was the stronger leader for allowing his country to develop. Washington stood down from commander in chief of the Continental Army in 1783, and allowed the government to develop itself byShow MoreRelated Simon Bolivar Essay603 Words   |  3 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Simon Jose Antonio de la Santisima Trinidad Bolivar was born in Caracas on July 24, 1783 to don Juan Vicente Bolivar y Ponte y dona Maria de la Concepcion Palacios y Blanco. Simon received an excellent education from his tutors, Simon Rodriquez and Andres Bello. By the age of nine Bolivar lost both his parents, and was being taken care of by his uncle don Carlos Palacios. At the age of fifteen in 1799 he traveled to Spain to receive a better education. In Spain, Bolivar met Maria TeresaRead MoreSimon Bolivar - The Liberator Essay2176 Words   |  9 PagesSimon Bolivar - The Liberator Simon Bolivar was proclaimed â€Å"Liberator† by his own people and a world-renowned figure in his day. His prophetic vision of hemispheric solidarity lives today, and his political thinking serves dictators and democrat alike in contemporary Latin America. This paper explores the impact the days of colonialism and revolution, in which treatment of Creoles was inferior to Peninsulares (Spaniards born in Spain). And this was a long-standing cause of frustration and resentmentRead MoreThe Liberator By Alberto Arvelo1089 Words   |  5 Pages The Liberator, directed by Alberto Arvelo, is a historical biographical film documenting the life of Simon Bolivar and his struggle against the Spanish for equality in South America. Somewhat surprisingly, the cast is an incredibly gifted cast in comparison with other Latin American produced films with smaller budgets. Édgar Ramà ­rez was the main actor who played the role of Simon Bolivar in the film. Erich Wildpret played the critic al role of Antonio Jose de Sucre. This prominent general was murderedRead MoreAmerica s Successful Fight For Independence1484 Words   |  6 PagesSouth American Leader Simon Bolivar, memorialized as one of the greatest liberators during South America s successful fight for independence from Spain, also known as Bolivar s War. General Simon Bolivar led the wars to independence for Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, and Venezuela. Bolivar succeeded as a liberator but his ultimate dream to unify his beloved continent fell short. His vision of combining all of South America into one independent nation always remained intact. BeingRead MoreThe Three Revolutions: What Were They Fighting For?998 Words   |  4 Pagestroops and supplies traveling across the ocean would take up to two months. Upon landing, the troops did not know the vast territories they were to encounter and the local colonial army was able to ambush them. The British surrendered in 1781to George Washington in Yorktown, Virginia. In 1787, the Constitution of the United States was written accentuating the rights of individuals, from which the French separatist gained motivation (Bentley, et al., 2008). The French Revolution lasted from 1789-1799Read MoreThe African Descent Essay1228 Words   |  5 Pagesbetween the commoners and the other two estates, nothing was done. 11. Simon Bolivar: He is often referred to as the Latin American George Washington. He was a creole who fought against the royalist army, winning the independence of Venezuela, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Panama. In 1819, he became president of Gran Colombia, which included all of the nations listed above. When Gran Colombia split in the 1830s, Bolivar went into exile. 12. Jose de San Martin: He was an Argentinean creoleRead MoreRegional Pacific Super Power Is Not A Member, China1282 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent, but it is still more similar than the EU. Spanish, English and Portuguese comprise most of the national languages of member states, and many countries have the same revolutionary background. When you look at Simà ³n Bolà ­var, a revolutionary who is analogous to â€Å"the George Washington of Venezuela — and of Bolivia, Colombia, Panama, Ecuador and Peru† [1]. Five of these countries, all excluding Panama, are members of UNASUR. No country in the EU can say that about itself. Many South American countriesRead MoreThe Relationship Between Revolution, State Reform, And Industrialization2739 Words   |  11 PagesFor the Haitian Revolution, a slave revolt broke out and was led by a man named Toussaint L’Ouverture. Mexico became independent due to Napoleon invading Spain and weakening the royal control of the colonie s and the independence movement led by Simà ³n Bolivar. Pedro the King’s son agreed to an independent Brazil. Industrialization began through new inventions and use of material. Coal replaced the use of wood. Some of the new inventions included the fluttering shuttle, spinning mule, water driven powerRead MoreHis/276 Essay example2012 Words   |  9 Pagespreeminant colonial empire at the end of the Seven Years’ War, in which Robert Clive captured the city of Calcutta and the rest of Bengal, and British troops seized Spanish and French colonies like Quebec, Manilla, and islands in the Caribbean Sea. * George III ruled as the king of Great Britain from 1760 to 1820. His practice of taxation to pay for large standing armies was decried as tyranny by the Whigs known as the Commonwealthmen. VIII. Identify at least one element of British EnlightenmentRead MoreCharacteristics of a National Hero4693 Words   |  19 Pagesanti-clerical stance. The questions stem from the fact that our usual notion of a national hero is someone who is courageous, strong, able-bodied, and leads a military force into war against a colonial/imperial power — people such as George Washington, Simon Bolivar, or Sun Yat Sen. Apparently, machismo is still in the psyche most Filipinos. This notion has to change in our time when even the smallest deeds of self-sacrifice can be considered heroism. In my opinion, for one to be a hero, one must

Rod Rosenstein Biography

Rod Rosenstein (born Rod Jay Rosenstein on January 13, 1965) is an American attorney and former criminal prosecutor who investigated tax fraud and public corruption before being tapped by Republican President George W. Bush to serve in the Department of Justice as a U.S. attorney in Maryland. Rosenstein enjoyed support and respect from Republicans and Democrats alike and served as the second in command at the Department of Justice under Bushs two successors in the White House, Barack Obama and Donald J. Trump. Rosensteins political legacy, though, will very likely center on his controversial move to appoint Special Counsel Robert S. Mueller III to investigate Russias attempts to influence the 2016 presidential election. Fast Facts: Rod Rosenstein Full Name: Rod Jay RosensteinKnown For: Deputy U.S. attorney general who appointed and oversaw special counsel Robert S. Mueller IIIs investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 presidential electionBorn: Jan. 13, 1965, in Lower Moreland, near PhiladelphiaParents Names: Robert and Gerri RosensteinSpouses Name: Lisa BarsoomianChildrens Names: Julia and AllisonEducation: Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, 1986 (B.S. in economics); Harvard Law School, 1989 (J.D.)Key Accomplishments: Winning respect from Republicans and Democrats alike in Washington as he became the longest-serving U.S. attorney in the country during the administration of President Donald Trump Early Years Rod Rosenstein was born and raised in Lower Moreland, Pennsylvania, a suburb of Philadelphia, where his father operated a small business and his mother served on a local school board. It was there, he said at his confirmation hearing before the U.S. Senate, that he learned straightforward values. Work hard. Play by the rules. Question assumptions, but treat everyone with respect. Read widely, write coherently and speak thoughtfully. Expect nothing, and be grateful for everything. Remain gracious in times of defeat, and humble in moments of victory. And try to leave things better than you found them. Rosenstein attended public schools and graduated from Lower Moreland High School in 1982. He then entered the Wharton School of Business at the University of Pennsylvania, where he studied public policy, management, and economics. His interest in government led him to Harvard Law School after graduation. Rosenstein served as an intern for the U.S. Attorney’s Office in Massachusetts, a position that had a lasting impact on his career as a public servant. Career in Law Rosensteins long career as a government attorney began in 1990, when he first joined the Department of Justice as a trial attorney with the Public Integrity Section of the Criminal Division. From there, he launched into decades of prosecuting drug dealers, white-collar criminals and public corruption. As the U.S. attorney for Maryland, Rosenstein pressed for longer sentences for felons and battled inner-city gangs. Among Rosensteins most high-profile cases were prosecutions of: Baltimores elite Gun Trace Task Force, whose mission was to get guns off the streets and violent criminals behind bars; eight of its nine members were alleged in 2017 to have abused their power by shaking city residents down for cash, drugs and jewelry. Some members of the squad confessed to robbing residents, planting drugs on innocent people and reselling the substances to others.A Baltimore man who shot and killed a 3-year-old toddler who was playing on her front porch in Baltimore in 2014; the case remained unsolved for about three years when Rosenstein in 2017 accused a 28-year-old gang member of firing the gun at a member of a rival faction. These cases do not solve themselves. They get solved because of extraordinary work by honorable, decent, diligent law enforcement officers, Rosenstein said at the time.Dozens of people in prison-corruption scandals at the Eastern Correctional Institution in Westover; employees there were accused of smuggling drugs, cigarettes, cellphones an d pornographic movies into the facility and selling them. Rosenstein also: Recommended the firing of FBI Director James Comey over his handling of the investigation into Democrat Hillary Clintons email servers.Appointed Special Counsel Robert S. Mueller III to investigate Russias attempts to influence the 2016 presidential election after Attorney General Jeff Sessions recused himself from the case. Legal observers describe him as a tough, law-and-order prosecutor who is also fair-minded and nonpartisan. Heres a look at the various positions Rosenstein held prior to his time as deputy to Attorney General Sessions. 1993-94: Counsel to the deputy attorney general;1994-95: Special assistant to the Criminal Division’s assistant attorney general;1995-97: Associate independent counsel under Ken Starr, whose office investigated Bill and Hillary Clintons business and real-estate dealings in Arkansas.1997-2001: Assistant U.S. Attorney in Maryland.2001-05: Principal deputy assistant attorney general for the Tax Division of the U.S. Department of Justice, supervising criminal sections and coordinating tax enforcement activities of the Tax Division, the U.S. Attorney’s Offices and the Internal Revenue Service.2005-17: U.S. Attorney in Maryland, overseeing federal criminal and civil litigation.2017-Current: Deputy U.S. attorney general following President Donald J. Trumps nomination on Jan. 31, 2017, and Senate confirmation on April 25, 2017. Personal Life Rosenstein and his wife, Lisa Barsoomian, live in Maryland and have two children, Allison Liza and Julia Paige. Barsoomian worked as a government prosecutor and, later, as a lawyer for the National Institutes of Health. Important Quotes It is important to separate the role of politics in setting priorities and the decision to prosecute cases. And in the Justice Department that is what we do on a daily basis, that is how are trained. — Speaking to an ABC affiliate about his role as deputy attorney general.â€Å"The oath of office is an obligation. It requires me to support and defend the Constitution of the United States; to bear true faith and allegiance to the Constitution; and to well and faithfully discharge the duties of my office. I have taken that oath several times, and I have administered it many times. I know it by heart. I understand what it means, and I intend to follow it.† — Speaking at his confirmation hearing in 2017. Role in Trump Russia Investigation Rosenstein was a relatively unknown political figure outside of Maryland, even after being tapped as deputy attorney general and assuming oversight of Muellers investigation into Russian meddling in the 2016 elections. Rosenstein drew Trumps ire after appointing the special counsel, but threw his career into jeopardy by suggesting to colleagues he secretly record Trump in the White House to expose the chaos consuming the administration. Rosenstein also was said to have discussed recruiting cabinet members to invoke the 25th Amendment, which allows for the forceful removal of a president outside of the constitutional impeachment process.  Rosenstein denied the reports. While Rosenstein held onto his job after that controversy, Trump passed him over for a promotion in late 2018 when Session was fired as attorney general. Rosenstein had been the heir apparent to the position because of the terms of the federal Attorney General Succession Act, which gives the deputy attorney general authority when the top position becomes vacant. Sources Davis, Julie Hirschfeld, and Rebecca R. Ruiz. â€Å"Caught in White House Chaos, Justice Dept. Official Seeks Neutral Ground.† The New York Times, The New York Times, 22 May 2017.â€Å"Meet the Deputy Attorney General.† The United States Department of Justice, 21 June 2017.â€Å"U.S. Attorney in Baltimore Is Trumps Pick to Be Deputy Attorney General.† The Washington Post, WP Company, 14 Jan. 2017.Vignarajah, Thiru. â€Å"A Look at the Past Work of the Deputy AG Who Called for Comeys Firing.† Vox, Vox, 10 May 2017.

Essay Compare and Contrast Themes of Brave New World and 1984

Science Fiction Essay Two classic novels, 1984 written by George Orwell and Brave New World penned by Aldous Huxley both possess similar topics and themes. In both novels societies are striving for a utopia, or a perfect society. These novels also take place in societies with versions of totalitarian governments, which is a government that rules by coercion. Not only are the topics similar, but in both novels a rebellious character is the protagonist; Winston Smith from 1984 and John the Savage in Brave New World. Another parallel in the books are the tactics that the government uses to instill fear and power over the citizens. A common theme expressed in Orwell’s novel 1984 and Huxley’s novel Brave New World is that government uses†¦show more content†¦The Bokanovsky Process is when zygotes are cloned into roughly 32 sets of identical twins. Being part of just a group of cells that were produced desensitizes those to individuality. Although the leaders in the government of this so ciety state that the Bokanovsky Process provides stability which leads to happiness; some characters such as John the Savage crave to escape technology and lack of independence. After his mother had passed away, John the Savage went and spoke to Mustapha Mond who explains: â€Å"But people never are alone now, we make them hate solitude; and we arrange their lives so that it’s almost impossible for them to have it† (Huxley 235). The commonality between Brave New World and 1984 is that the prevention of individuality allows the government to control its citizens. In both 1984 and Brave New World a method to convey government control is displayed in the way both governments control knowledge. In 1984 many of the citizens of London are illiterate and are unable to write. This is because society practically forbids the expansion of knowledge. A Party doctrine in this society is â€Å"Ignorance is Strength† (Orwell 4); the slogan prevents a rebellion by conditioning the citizens of Oceania not to crave knowledge. With more knowledge a citizen might discover how the government treats the society and will attempt to challenge it. When this was played over and over again in the background people would startShow MoreRelatedComparison between The Chrysalids and Brave New World892 Words   |  4 Pages1 English Studies Extended Study – Connected Texts In this essay I will compare two novels which deal with similar themes but in significantly different ways: â€Å"The Chrysalids†, a science fiction novel by John Wyndham published in 1955 and â€Å"Brave New World†, a novel by Aldous Huxley published in 1932. The story in â€Å"The Chrysalids† takes place thousands of years in the future in a rural society similar to our world before the invention of modern technology such as telephones, cars, etc. The peopleRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s A Clockwork Orange 1611 Words   |  7 PagesSlaves to a cooperate world with pre-determined life plans and ‘choices’. Always connected but never truly free to do as we please. Or is this the path we are heading towards? 1984 and ‘A clockwork orange’ show a projection of a harsh dystopian future where the people are ruled over and oppressed by dictatorial governments. The minority who are brave enough to rebel are quickly brought to a halt and then conditioned to fit back into a ‘perfect’ society. In George Orwell’s novel ‘1984’, the reader canRead MoreThe Most Famous Satirical Fiction Of The Twentieth Century2301 Words   |  10 Pagessome of the most famous satirical fiction of the twentieth century with works like Animal Farm and 1984,known for his strong opinions, he addressed some of the major political movements of his times, including imperialism, fascism and communism. Orwell devoted his life to writing novels that were politically influenced. His first work was Animal Farm in 1945 and his second was 1984 in 1949. 1984 was Orwell’s most influential work and still is one of the most powerful and influential warnings againstRead MoreThe Portrayal Of African Americans Essay2037 Words   |  9 Pagesduring the early 1930s. Only 65 years had passed since the abolition of slavery; therefore, racial discrimination was still a very present reality (A +E [new source]). Cynthia Chris (2006) author of ___ describes how in the film Africa Speaks, the director zooms in when filming Africans doing different actions as if they were creatures from another world. The idea of Africans as â€Å"others†, the concept that Africans are separate to white individuals, surfaces as Africans are seen as worthless who hold noRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s The Road 3871 Words   |  16 PagesINTRODUCTION â€Å"Lord of the Flies† by William Golding, â€Å"1984† by George Orwell, â€Å"The Time Machine† by H.G. Wells and â€Å"A Brave New World† by Aldous Huxley are all novels of the dystopian genre, that explore a post-apocalyptic world. The genre of the post-apocalypse is becoming ever more popular in the post World War Two English speaking world. The authors of these novels I feel, have a very distinct voice and style they create themselves to explore this world. A recent novel that really struck me as a novelRead MoreWitness by Peter Weir Notes12043 Words   |  49 Pageschance to compare two different levels of American society, the culture and the world of the modern city and the culture and world of the Amish. * In writing about Witness, Marie Saeli states that the film hoes that the ‘two cultures meet, but never merge.† It is this contrast of the two worlds, conveyed to the audience mainly in visual terms that is one of the most important and memorable aspects for the spectator. * Amish Is established as peaceful and idyllic. Plot: * Set in 1984, LancasterRead MoreThe Sonnet Form: William Shakespeare6305 Words   |  26 PagesShakespeare’s Sonnets William Shakespeare The Sonnet Form A sonnet is a fourteen-line lyric poem, traditionally written in iambic pentameter—that is, in lines ten syllables long, with accents falling on every second syllable, as in: â€Å"Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?† The sonnet form first became popular during the Italian Renaissance, when the poet Petrarch published a sequence of love sonnets addressed to an idealized woman named Laura. Taking firm hold among Italian poets, the sonnetRead MorePeople Management Development22130 Words   |  89 Pagesthe major topics and themes that are built on throughout your study programme to develop your analytical, critical and evaluative faculties through requiring you to link the theories and knowledge that you are acquiring in your studies with the human resource (HR) policies, procedures, systems and practices that operate within your workplace to encourage you to add value to your organisation through your activities in the workplace by encouraging you to compare and contrast ‘best practice’ elsewhereRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesothers who should know better) to trivialize this very problematic and challenging subject. This is not the case with the present book. This is a book that deserves to achieve a wide readership. Professor Stephen Ackroyd, Lancaster University, UK This new textbook usefully situates organization theory within the scholarly debates on modernism and postmodernism, and provides an advanced introduction to the heterogeneous study of organizations, including chapters on phenomenology, critical theory and psychoanalysisRead MoreRethinking Mercantalism Essay15042 Words   |  61 PagesRethinking Mercantilism: Political Economy, the British Empire, and the Atlantic World in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries Author(s): Steve Pincus Reviewed work(s): Source: The William and Mary Quarterly, Vol. 69, No. 1 (January 2012), pp. 3-34 Published by: Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5309/willmaryquar.69.1.0003 . Accessed: 06/09/2012 12:18 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms

Cross Cultural Interactions with Others Free Essays

Social workers, psychologists and educators alike, have a responsibility to develop cultural competencies. This implies a commitment to creating an environment of mutual understanding. â€Å"Cultural competence refers to the process by which individuals and systems respond respectfully and effectively to people of all cultures, languages, classes, races, ethnic backgrounds, religions, and other diversity factors in a manner that recognizes, affirms, and values the worth of individuals, families, and communities and protects and preserves the dignity of each† (NASW, 2000b, p. We will write a custom essay sample on Cross Cultural Interactions with Others or any similar topic only for you Order Now 61). Therapists focus on interactions with diverse clients and new situations everyday. Developing cultural competencies is essential towards meaningful communication. Research on person perception has suggested that the information we glean from others can be affected by factors such as appearance, stereotypes, and culture (Wang, 2009). The competency statements for review focus upon communication style (verbal and nonverbal) and how communication can influence others perceptions. In addition, a competency statement regarding high-and low-context communication from different cultural socializations is discussed. Most models of counseling assume that the spoken word is understood. However, when working with cross cultural clients, a host of deficits linger, which may lead to distance, vulnerability and misinterpretations. Verbal communication is important but can be easily misinterpreted across cultures. Words are powerful, but often forgotten. How one perceives the words is most often remembered. Words and what they mean in a cross cultural setting have a major role in a therapeutic setting. To fully understand a culture, it is necessary to understand the se of the cultures metaphors. Metaphors have their own historical origins and are culture specific (Laungani, 2004). The understanding of intrapersonal process of communication is essential and fundamentally important when working with ethnic clients. The therapist needs a clear understanding of the client’s subjective experiences, personal goals, daily behaviors and other significant areas to ensure communication value (Laungani, 2004). When verbal messages are unclear, we tend to look at nonverbal cues (LeBaron, 2003). During a therapeutic encounter between therapist and clients of different cultural backgrounds, it is imperative for all concerned to be vigilant and sensitive enough to read correctly the different verbal, non-verbal, and other physical cues the client knowingly or unknowingly may display to the therapist (Laungani, 2004, p. 196). Nonverbal communication is especially important in intercultural counseling situations because of language barriers (metaphors), set mannerisms, and cultural unfamiliarity. Research has agreed that nonverbal messages convey more than half of the affective meaning of each message (Launganie, 2004, Edmonds, 2010, Wang, 2010). Many emotions are similar across cultures, how they are expressed and interpreted is culture-specific. For example, a person of Japanese decent may smile as she relates details of a death in her family. For a Westerner, who understands a smile to mean happiness, this expression may seem cold and unfeeling. Based upon cultural beliefs in Japan, it is not appropriate to inflict the pain of grief on others (LeBaron, 2003). The understanding of high-and low-context communications from different cultures is significant because it plays an integral part in understanding and developing a relationship. â€Å"Direct and indirect styles of communication correspond to the concept of high-and low-context cultures. The United States is considered a low-context culture because of the linear and direct style of communication. On the other hand, China, Mexico, and Egypt are termed â€Å"high-context cultures† because communication is more contextual, process-oriented, and less rushed† (Fouad, 2007, p. 3). In examining the cognitive style of communication, Brooks (2004) noted that Americans follow a predictable sequence in their thought process. They tend to organize their thoughts in a linear fashion before speaking. Speakers, who have a more relaxed view on time, tend to meander to the point, such as Asians. Arab, Russians, and Africans, tend to insert stories and go off on tangents (p. 143). Cultures tend to attribute different levels of importance to nonverbal and verbal communication. High context cultures rely more on the unspoken word. They are concerned and focused upon the context and the person’s knowledge of the rules for communicating. For other cultures, a clear understanding of the message is less important because nonverbal behavior and the context are understood. Middle East, Asia, and Latin America are examples of high context cultural groups. United States and Canada are considered a low context culture because they place less importance on nonverbal communication and rely heavily on the spoken word (Fouad, 2007). According to (LeBaron, 2003) high context settings such as Japan or Colombia, understanding of the nonverbal message is more important than the communication as a whole. Therapists need to be aware of these differences so they can model appropriate behaviors for others (Fouad, 2007). â€Å"Gudykunst (2001) conceptualized high context communication to include the following communication styles: being indirect, inferring meaning, interpersonal sensitivity, using feelings to guide behavior, and the using silence. In contrast, low context communication includes: being dramatic, dominant, animated, relaxed, attentive, open friendly, contentious, and impression-leaving† (Park Kim, 2008, p. 47). An emerging body of research has documented that â€Å"Asian cultures tend to adhere to high context communication styles, while European cultures tend to adhere to low context communication styles† (p. 47). Communication styles can be rational or emotional. For example, Brooks (2004) stated that Americans are considered to be more rational. On the other hand, Southeast Asians prefer to keep their emotions stable. Russians are known to be highly emotional (p. 144). In chapter 3, Fouad (2007) addresses the cross-cultural interactions with others. According to Fouad (2007) â€Å"sensitivity and understanding about different cultural scripts for verbal and nonverbal behaviors are essential because of the different formal and informal norms across cultures† (p. 43). This is an important message because you cannot have rapport and empathy without understanding, sensitivity, and knowledge of multicultural behaviors and values. Effectiveness with a client from another culture is dependent upon making educated choices involving communication. LeBaron (2003) noted that â€Å"all communication is cultural; it draws on how we have learned to speak and give nonverbal messages† (p. 1). The way we communicate to others depends upon the situation, individual personalities, and our mood. This coupled with a variety of cultural influences we already have can influence our communication choices. Communication is interactive and plays an important influence on the effectiveness of our relationship with others (LeBaron, 2003). Although some emotions are universal (a smiley face inserted in emails), others are subtle and often misunderstood (a wink). Facial expressions may be the only form of nonverbal communication that may be considered universal. Cultures interpret body language, gestures, posture and carriage, vocal noises (shrieks and grunts), and degree of eye contact differently (Edmonds, 2010). Gestures can be easily misinterpreted. For example, nodding your head up and down within the Western culture, suggests you agree. However, in the Middle Eastern culture, it means the opposite. Nodding your head affirmatively in the Middle East is a sign of disagreement. Moreover, in Japan, a nod is just a signal that someone is listening (Wang, 2010). Edmonds (2010) shares that the â€Å"OK† signal made by forming a circle with the thumb and forefinger refers to money in some countries, while in others, it’s extremely offensive reference to a private body part. Eye contact is another variable that is extremely important. In some cultures direct eye contact is valued. However, in other cultures, averting eye contact is a sign of respect. A simple gesture of thumbs up, may readily offend someone from a different culture. In Iran, this gesture is considered to be vulgar. Shaking hands when greeting may seem innocent, but in some countries this is rude behavior. In the Middle East, you should not hand an object to another person with your left hand. The left hand in the Middle East is reserved for personal hygiene (Edmonds, 2010). Others may be shy and touching is considered an intimate behavior. There are specific rules for personal space across cultures. There are different ideas about space when having a conversation. Research shows that Americans tend to prefer a large amount of space. Europeans tend to stand closer together when talking. It is suggested that this may be due to the fact that Europeans are accustomed to smaller places. Americans on the other hand, are used to larger homes and countryside’s (LeBaron, 2003). Personal space is not a concern for some cultures. Italians and Latino’s allow for open kissing with strong and long embraces to greet one another, whereas in the United States, such contact may be considered too sexual. Further studies have shown that Asian children cannot be touched on the head or it will damage the child’s soul. Each of these variables influences communication efforts (Edmonds (2010). As clinicians, we must strive to learn all we can about the culture of our clients. Remer (2007) introduces the butterfly effect. This effect refers to â€Å"those small differences in initial conditions may have severe consequences for patterns in the long run† (p. 93). Miscommunications can lead to frustration and a lack of trust, thus destroying a relationship. Conflict can easily occur or escalate if miscommunications are already in place. As an agent of change, this writer values diversity as an opportunity to learn. Professional expectations should never be lowered, they need to be developed and maintained in order to improve the quality of culturally competent services. Sensitivity and knowledge should be heightened in order to be a successful agent of change. Striving to be cross-culturally competent is a life long journey. It begins with each day being viewed as an opportunity to learn more about another person. Competence implies that one has the confidence and the capacity to function effectively outside of their culture zone. Despite the madness surrounding social service agencies, this writer is committed to supporting members of underrepresented groups. It is paramount to be committed to incorporating a wide variety of verbal and nonverbal communication skills in response to direct and indirect communication styles. A simple glance can affect the message you are sending and how others perceive you. Moreover, it is important to have a strong sense of self awareness. One must be accepting, comfortable and open to new and unfamiliar ways of communicating in order to broaden personal perspectives. The main focus is to remain objective, know that there are cultural differences, be able to identify subtle behaviors, and to trust your intuition. Alternative ways in which a therapist can be actively involved in cross cultural communication may include checking with clients for the accuracy of your interpretation when unsure. Raising a question about interpretations demonstrates interest, validation and establishes trust. Therapists may choose to move outside of verbal exchanges and use acting, puppets (young children), drawing, music, story telling, collage making and journaling. By allowing clients to be your teacher, one can enhance the relationship and establish competence. As an agent of change, specific objectives are to be met. First, diversity training should be offered. Coworkers will be asked to band together and search for consultants or facilitators to assist in the planning. Second, embrace research and gain as much knowledge as you can about your client’s culture. Third, frequent consultations with supervisors and colleagues are important to obtain performance feedback. Collaboration with others is an excellent way to remain grounded. As a therapist working with cross cultural clients, it is important to remember that although your mouth is closed, your body is talking. How to cite Cross Cultural Interactions with Others, Essay examples

The Black Belt free essay sample

What does it mean to be a black belt in karate? Does it mean mastering every technique? Does it mean being unbeatable in combat? Does it mean becoming the epitome of discipline? A karate black belt†¦ said my sensei, †¦is a role model. A look of disappointment spread across my face as I sat on the rock-hard cafeteria floor dojo listening to my sensei. I tried to derive a more satisfactory meaning from my senseis dull and unimaginative response. Do you mean being a role model to your opponents so theyre afraid to fight you? I asked cleverly. No. A role model is the epitome of responsibility and leadership; the most important aspects to becoming a true black belt. That is why Ive decided to assign you senpai duties. A senpai, in karate, is a high ranked student in a dojo that assists the sensei and teaches lower ranked students. We will write a custom essay sample on The Black Belt or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I was a first-dan black belt (the lowest rank of black belt) and upon receiving news of my promotion, contrary to the expected reaction of being promoted, was quite disappointed. My disappointment stemmed from my unquenchable thirst for self-improvement. High-level karate competition not only requires determination and skill; it also requires a significant amount of time investment, and with the addition of senpai duties I was afraid my practicing time would be severely reduced. Little did I know, my promotion to sempai would bridge the gap between my selfish adolescence and altruistic adulthood. My duties as a senpai in my dojo were, to say the least, quite tedious. I had to open up the cafeteria dojo everyday, put up rows upon rows of heavy tables to clear space, warm up the students with monotonous exercises, and teach them a multitude of techniques. Uninspired and moody, I trudged through my daily duties like they were a sickness. Only after the first class, when the students le ft, did I have time to train with my sensei. After many days of seemingly wasted time, a certain incident broke the monotony. During warm up exercises, one of the younger students suddenly stopped in place and looked down at the floor. Quivering and bending over, the students pants started to get soaked, and soon the floor was covered with a small puddle of yellow liquid. Eww! He peed his pants! one student cried. The room of students collectively laughed mockingly as the one embarrassed student started to cry. Realizing the situation I tried to look around for guidance from adults, but to no avail, as I was the eldest around. I quickly rushed the embarrassed child to the bathroom to help clean him up. Devastated, red-faced and crying uncontrollably, the student cried out for his parents as I attempted to clean him up. The helpless little boy before me was reminiscent of an earlier version of myself, and intense empathy swelled in my heart When I finished cleaning I suddenly rem embered the group of mocking students back in the cafeteria and a powerful fury swept over me. Determined to set the disrespectful students straight I re-entered the cafeteria with new resolve. The students, still standing around the puddle of urine, were laughing and gossiping with each other in disgust. I stormed up to them and reprimanded them fiercely. I made the students apologize and tried to teach them the errors of their ways, but suddenly, during my lecture, I had a revelation. Who was I to lecture these kids? What qualified me to teach people? I remembered clearly. I was the senpai. The teacher. The leader. The role model. And being the role model, I had something the others did not: responsibilities. And for many days I neglected to take my responsibilities seriously and, as a result, my students neglected to take my teachings seriously. The many classes that followed my epiphany were met with new found vitality. I came to class early to help students, cleaned the dojo floor, and led warm ups with great vivacity. Determined to improve my students I, in turn, improved myself and ultimately quenched the thirst for advancement that I desperately yearned for. Yet these improvements were not limited to karate. Responsibility and leadership, values that I held high in my role as a senpai, would forever burn their importance upon my susceptible teenage mind. Retrospectively, Ive realized that a black belt is not just a piece of fabric that is worn as a badge of accomplishment: it is a moral guideline, a set of values, and when I have long passed my time as a senpai, I will always be wearing my black belt.

Understanding Management and Business Context

Question: Discuss about theUnderstanding Management and Business Context. Answer: Introduction Understanding management in business context is one of the key aspects in the business. It is important for every entrepreneur to focus on developing the overall process putting up a company. Setting up effective management system within the organisation is important for the smooth operation of the organisation. The present study will involve the discussion of the business management and key internal contextual factors that impact on the business positively or negatively. The present study will be done on Commonwealth Bank which is one of the leading financial service Company in Australia and the world. The present study is done based on the five different management topics that have been discussed in the class. The analysis is presented effectively based on the topic 1 to 5. Understanding of the Business and Management Concepts The first topic mainly talks about the emergence of business and also the relevance of different components involved with business. The emergence of business organisations has happened a long time back during the early civilisations and hence the concept of business could be stated as comparatively old concept. With time passing and with the world becoming more civilised business concepts started cropping up slowly for the needs and wants of the consumers. Slowly and steadily different kinds of corporate structures were formed which helped the companies to develop different kinds of business all across the world. For instance sole trader businesses where only one trader is responsible for the business, Partnership where more than one partner operates the business and they have official agreement, the company form of business is another key style of business structure which is mainly operated by number of shareholders in the company who invest on shares and stocks of the company and b ecome directly related stakeholders in the business and Trusts which is run by different people together (Wallis, 2015). The case study company used for reference that is Commonwealth Bank Australia is a company form of business and generates capital through shares and bonds. The company is a financial institution and also an effective form of investment for many people. The company has the director who performs number of statutory duties. The company follows the Corporations Act 2001 and the directors will have to abide by the corporation act in order to avert any kind of legal troubles. Commonwealth Bank has a legal Tax File Number under which the company pays tax. The company has Australian Company Number (ACN) which is issues by ASIC to the company to be reflected in all official documents like invoices, and other papers (Padgett Powell, 2012). The director of the company Commonwealth Bank has to perform common law duties as well as the statutory duties for the organisation and makes sure that the company operates effectively. It could be said that most of the limited liability company are effective but their procedures are complicated enough and so it is important to implement the organisational procedure effectively. The second topic discusses the key aspects of the environmental factors and their importance for an organisation. It could be said that for every company analysing the environmental forces becomes highly important. There are different tools and techniques which help in understanding the environmental position of an organisation like the PESTLE analysis which helps to understand the external environment of an organisation; on the other hand SWOT is an extremely effective strategic tool that helps to discuss the internal and external environment of an organisation together. Both the tools are effective in understanding the internal and external business environment of the organisation effectively. It is important for Commonwealth Bank Australia to understand its internal and external business environment successfully which will help the organisation (Scott, 2013). Political: Changing policies of the government has led the company to increase the returns of the shareholders to attract them effectively. Due to the changes in policies financial deregulation has taken place and the company has got upper hand in the market. Economic: The regulatory capital framework has stronger impact on the business. The economic policy of the company is extremely effective for the organisation. Social: The banks play pivotal role in the welfare of the communities and Commonwealth bank does a lot of effective social works for the communities (Grundy, 2006). Technological: The Company employs effective technology like online banking. Legal: The Company abides by the corporation act 2001 which helps to operate smoothly. Environmental: The Company works with the focus of green business and boycotts the use of paper. it has promoted online banking which helps to develop their market (Zalengera et al., 2014). SWOT Analysis Strengths Diversified business in different branches. It is one of the largest companies in Australia. Strong revenue and increasing profit. High and skillful employees. Weaknesses Involved in number of controversies. The loan impairment is a concern (Worthington Britton, 2015). Opportunities Starting of the core net banking is effective for the organisation. Expansion activities in overseas markets. Launching of new products and services Initiatives like One Commbank have helped a lot of consumers. Threats Increase in financial institutions in Asian countries, and even in Australia Risk due to the change in foreign exchange rates. Weak economic outlook can lead to stagnation or decline in growth (Klapper et al., 2011). The Third topic discusses the common risks that organisations could face in business. Commonwealth bank operates in a highly competitive market and hence it is important that the company is able to focus on developing its risk assessment procedure successfully. The common risks that Commonwealth Bank faces are political risks which concerns with the countrys current political position and its status. The problems with global risks like problem of import duty and export duty et cetera. Economic risk is also a crucial risk which commonwealth bank faces in the market. Like foreign investment issues and labor issues due to weaker economic strength. Market uncertainty is another risk which poses a huge problem for the organisation in markets. High competition in market and weaker research and development issues are highly important to be sorted out (Berg, 2010). The company employs an effective strategy of risk mitigation. It implements an effective procedure to assess the risk with the h elp of risk assessment procedure and then tries to reduce the adverse effects of the risk. Business continuity and disaster recovery is one strategy to mitigate risks for the company. The political risks are often accepted and used as strategy to work for the company. The most common problems the company has faced so far is the economic and political issues which has affected the company and it has also taken positive steps to mitigate these issues effectively with the help of risk assessment. Global risks are also very tough for a company to work with and hence Commonwealth Bank applies the global risk management strategy which consists of market evaluation, research and development, and strategy implementation (De Kluyer, 2010). The fourth topic discusses the different aspects of business practices. Commonwealth Bank Australia focuses on developing its relationship with the employees and developing their engagement with the company. For this the company employs different motivational programs and reward and incentive programs for the employees. It could be said that incentives like increments, changes in the salary structure, ESI and PF and added responsibilities on the employees helps to develop the employee engagement with the company. The company focuses on high performance work practices which are effective for the organisation to grow and develop its business (Argenti, 2015). The company has aligned the high performance work practices like compensation, increment, employee relations communications, performance appraisal are properly synchronised in order to have a positive impact on the business. The company operates under best practice which helps to ensure that it attains the highest level of success for the business. Formal benchmarking is done in the company which compares performance levels and sets up effective benchmark for performance. It also applies best practice benchmarking which helps to develop the business as it continuously researches for companies with high performance strategy that helps to set its best practice benchmark (Vermeulen, 2012). The fifth topic is one of the key topics in the module as it discusses the different sections of a firm. For instance in the CBA the operations functions as the core section of the business. It handles all the transactions of the consumers right. It manages plans and organises and sells financial products and services to the consumers. The marketing section of the company focuses on effective communication of the company with the stakeholders important for the business. The marketing section involves marketing mix assessment which helps to improve the business transactions and communications with the stakeholders. The finance section helps to develop the business by assessing the financial requirements of the company, managing financial resources and implementing financial resources effectively for CBA. The Human resource management at the company focuses on getting the best possible candidates to work for the company and also manage their payroll and other things effectively (Baden- Fuller Morgan, 2010). Conclusion The present study has discussed all the key aspects involved with the management and business. The present study has discussed about the risks and challenges that a company could face, it has also discussed the important aspects like external and internal business environment of a company and functions of the diverse sections in the business which has helped to complete the study successfully. References Wallis, M. (2015). Why corporations should have their special statusreviewed. The Conversation. Padgett, J. F., Powell, W. W. (2012).The emergence of organizations and markets. Princeton University Press. Scott, W. R. (2013).Institutions and organizations: Ideas, interests, and identities. Sage Publications. Grundy, T. (2006). Rethinking and reinventing Michael Porter#39;s five forces model, Strategic Change, Vol. 15, Iss. 5, pp. 213-229. Zalengera, C., Blanchard, R.E., Eames, P.C., Juma, A.M., Chitawo, M.L., amp; Gondwe, K.T. (2014). Overview of the Malawi energy situation and A PESTLE analysis Worthington, I., Britton, C. (2015).The business environment. Pearson Education Limited. Klapper, L., Lewin, A., Delgado, J. M. Q. (2011). The impact of the business environment on the business creation process. InEntrepreneurship and Economic Development(pp. 108-123). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Berg, H.P. (2010). Risk Management: Procedures, methods and experiences, Risk: Analysis amp; Theory, Vol. 1, No. 2 [17], pp. 79 95. De Kluyer, C. (2010). Fundamentals of Global Strategy: A Business Model Approach, Business Expert Press, Sterling Forest, U.S. Vermeulen, F. (2012). Which Best Practices are ruining your businesses? Harvard Business Review on line hbr.org December Baden-Fuller, C., Morgan, M. S. (2010). Business models as models.Long range planning,43(2), 156-171. Argenti, P. A. (2015).Corporate communication. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.