WORKING WITH AND LEADING PEOPLE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

WORKING WITH AND LEADING PEOPLE - Essay Example All things considered, the maintenance, determination, just as the enlistment procedure is basic for each firm. In enlisting another part, there is a need to have an alternate archive, the firm should comply with the legal laws, and go past the successive methodology of choosing (Bell 2012).The human asset division has the command to choose the ideal individuals and set up a report that subtleties different standards just as guidelines. The administration of the eatery needs to set up a record specifying different angles, for example, the endorsement of enlistment. The concerned offices who require another laborer at that point send a draft, which has a portrayal of the position and the vital training just as abilities that are required. In this way, the draft is endorsed and sent to the HR division. The determination just as enrollment process begins after the administration gives an endorsement as to the solicitation. The endorsement ought to have an electronic duplicate that has the ad just as the duplicate of the draft. In the archive, there is likewise the portrayal of the situation for which the café needs to select new learners. This is basic for each firm since it can't change the situation after the notice of the post. It is likewise to be comprehended that the post should be affirmed by the administration and ought to incorporate the obligation of the new staff (Dessler 2011). After the position portrayal there is the promoting area, which should be endorsed by the chief. Through the commercial, the firm will get the correct applicants and should be possible utilizing different channels, for example, the utilization of print media, open promotion, or electronic methods. The commercial will likewise remember declaration for the opening, the necessary capabilities, and installment among others. The HR division should comply with the lawful strategies of notice (Bell 2012). In choosing a candidate, I would

Pacific oil company free essay sample

The Pacific Oil Company went into arrangements with Reliant Manufacturing, and its objective was to sign an all the more long haul understanding. Pacific expected that the new agreement would be marked with no significant obstacles or goals, and that the predominant purpose of arrangement would be cost. Jean Fontaine, who is the promoting VP for Pacific Oil, went into an arrangement procedure with Reliant. Jean began the procedure quite a while before Reliant Manufacturing’s contract was up, wanting to beat her opposition to the lower value offers and leave with an agreement augmentation of 5 years. Lamentably, Jean didn't appropriately explore her client’s needs or sufficiently venture what the result may be. Along these lines, Pacific Oil Company was not set up to address the worries and demands that Reliant raised during the exchange. In spite of the fact that the two gatherings needed to move rapidly toward marking an agreement, Pacific Oil Company stretched this procedure since it didn't have an exhaustive arrangement methodology that incorporated an emergency course of action or best other options. We will compose a custom paper test on Pacific oil organization or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Pacific oil likewise fail to draw out its best other options or primary concern ahead of time. Remaining on the Same Page in Business Negotiations Pacific accepted that different components of the agreement may be examined, yet that no sensational changes would be normal. As a result of Pacific’s absence of key arranging, they burned through significant time, cash, passionate pressure and vitality. They additionally gambled losing different open doors that could have been increasingly positive for them. Adding to the issue was Pacific’s supposition that Reliant would sign another agreement rapidly. In light of the time and cash spent on voyaging and haggling to and fro, and the expected requirement for new innovation improvement, which would be founded on the contract’s result, Pacific Oil Company turned out to be progressively urgent to finish an agreement with Reliant. Therefore, Reliant got the favorable position expected to set more expectations during exchanges. Furthermore, Reliant knew about Pacific Oil’s reliance on its business, and made the most of these chances.

Comparison of Indirect Cost Multipliers for Vehicle Manufacturing Essay

Disclaimer This report was set up as a record of work supported by an organization of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any office thereof, nor The University of Chicago, nor any of their workers or officials, makes any guarantee, express or suggested, or expect any legitimate risk or duty regarding the exactness, fulfillment, or convenience of any data, device, item, or procedure unveiled, or speaks to that its utilization would not encroach exclusive rights. Reference thus to a particular business item, procedure, or administration in terms of professional career name, trademark, producer, or in any case doesn't really establish or suggest its underwriting, proposal, or preferring by the United States Government or any office thereof. The perspectives and assessments of record creators communicated in this don't really state or mirror those of the United States Government or any office thereof, Argonne National Laboratory, or The University of Chicago. Correlation OF INDIRECT COST MULTIPLIERS FOR VEHICLE MANUFACTURING INTRODUCTION during the time spent assembling and selling vehicles, a producer causes certain expenses. Among these expenses are those caused legitimately as a piece of assembling tasks and those acquired by implication in the procedures of assembling and selling. The backhanded expenses might be productionrelated, for example, R&D and designing; business-related, for example, corporate staff compensations and benefits; or retail-deals related, for example, seller backing and promoting. These backhanded expenses are recuperated by distributing them to every vehicle. Under a steady, high-volume creation process, the assignment of these circuitous expenses can be approximated as multipliers (or elements) applied to the immediate expense of assembling. A maker as a rule dispenses backhanded expenses to completed vehicles as per a partnership explicit valuing system. Since the volumes of deals and creation fluctuate broadly by model inside a partnership, the interior corporate percent allotment of different bookkeeping classifications, (for example, benefit or corporate overhead) can shift generally among singular models. Approaches additionally differ across partnerships. For our motivations, a normal worth is developed, by methods for a nonexclusive agent technique, for vehicle models created at high volume. To achieve this, staff at Argonne National Laboratory’s (ANL’s) Center for Transportation Research broke down the ordinary vehicle cost structure and created circuitous cost multipliers for traveler vehicles. This reminder sums up the consequences of a push to think about and put on a typical premise the cost multipliers utilized in ANL’s electric and mixture electric vehicle cost estimation techniques with those subsequent from two different procedures. One of the two analyzed approachs is gotten from a 1996 introduction by Dr. Chris Borroni-Bird of Chrysler Corporation, the other is by Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc. (EEA), as portrayed in a 1995 report by the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA), Congress of the United States. The cost multipliers are utilized for scaling the part expenses to retail costs. ANL METHODOLOGY The ANL system depicted here depends on an investigation worried about electric vehicle creation and working expenses (Cuenca et al. 2000; Vyas et al. 1998). The investigation assessed the cost structure for customary vehicle assembling and retailing and doled out portions of the manufacturer’s proposed retail value (MSRP) to different cost donors. Multipliers created from the ANL philosophy are applied to the assembling cost of an individual segment so as to scale the segment cost to the retail cost. A few cost supporters are remembered for the philosophy, as summed up in Table 1. A portion of the vehicle segments for electric and crossover electric vehicles would be obtained from outside providers. This supposition that is applied to electric drive parts, barring the battery; the vehicle producer would create the rest. In this way, two cost multipliers, one for the parts fabricated inside and the other for redistributed segments, are important to appraise the cost of electric and half breed electric vehicles. Outside providers would bring about a portion of the expenses typically borne by the vehicle maker. In the ANL philosophy, we expect that the expenses of â€Å"Warranty,† â€Å"R&D/Engineering,† and â€Å"Depreciation and Amortization† are borne by the Page 1 providers of redistributed parts. The outside providers would remember these expenses for their costs. The accompanying two cost multipliers are figured by utilizing â€Å"Cost of Manufacture† as the base: Cost multiplier for segments fabricated inside = 100/50 = 2. 00. Cost multiplier for redistributed parts = 100/(50 + 6. 5 + 5. 5 + 5) = 1. 50. Table 1 Contributors to Manufacturer’s Suggested Retail Price in ANL Methodology Cost Category Cost Contributor Relative to Share of Cost of Vehicle MSRP Manufacturing (%) Vehicle Manufacturing Cost of Manufacture 1. 00 50. 0 Production Overhead Warranty 0. 10 5. 0 R&D/Engineering 0. 13 6. 5 Depreciation and Amortization 0. 11 5. 5 Corporate Overhead Corporate Overhead, Retirement and 0. 14 7. 0 Health Selling Distribution, Marketing, Dealer 0. 47 23. 5 Support, and Dealer Discount Sum of Costs 1. 95 97. 5 Profit 0. 05 2. 5 Total Contribution to 2. 00 100. 0 MSRP METHODOLOGY DERIVED FROM BORRONI-BIRD PRESENTATION In his introduction, entitled â€Å"Automotive Fuel Cell Requirements,† at the 1996 Automotive Technology Development Customers’ Coordination Meeting, Borroni-Bird remembered diagrams for the â€Å"Typical American Automobile: Price/Cost Breakdown. † The outlines gave a graphical breakdown of vehicle value, demonstrating cost supporters and benefit. We utilized the diagrams to show up at rate portions of vehicle cost by different donors. Table 2 shows the subsequent distribution. Page 2 Table 2 Price/Cost Breakdown Based on Borroni-Bird Presentation Cost Category Cost Contributor a Vehicle Manufacturing Fixed Cost Selling Sum of Costs Profit MSRP a Material Cost Assembly Labor and Other Manufacturing a Costs Transportation/Warranty Amortization and Depreciation, Engineering R&D, Pension and Health Care, Advertising, and Overhead Price Discounts Dealer Markup Automobile Profit. Comparative with Cost of Vehicle Manufacturing 0. 87 0. 13 0. 09 0. 44 Share of MSRP (%) 42. 5 6. 5 4. 5 21. 5 0. 10 0. 36 1. 99 0. 06 2. 05 5. 0 17. 5 97. 5 2. 5 100. 0 These two patrons are scaled to whole to 1 in the third segment, as in Table 1. In his introduction, Borroni-Bird didn't assess the treatment of in-house or re-appropriated segments. His strategy doesn't fit simple calculation of cost multipliers equivalent with those in the ANL system, except if we make a couple of suppositions. We have accepted that â€Å"Material Cost,† taken along with â€Å"Assembly Labor and Other Manufacturing Costs,† would frame the â€Å"Vehicle Manufacturing† base for the in-house parts. The expenses of â€Å"Transportation/Warranty,† â€Å"Amortization and Depreciation,† and â€Å"Engineering R&D† would be borne by the providers of re-appropriated segments. Nonetheless, â€Å"Amortization and Depreciation† and â€Å"Engineering R&D† costs were converged with â€Å"Pension and Health Care,† â€Å"Advertising,† and â€Å"Overhead† costs by Borroni-Bird. We accepted that half of the expenses under this class would be borne by the providers of re-appropriated parts. Our suppositions prompted the accompanying cost multipliers: Cost multiplier for segments produced inside = 100/(42. 5 + 6. 5) = 2. 05. Cost multiplier for redistributed parts = 100/(42. 5 + 6. 5 + 4. 5 + 10. 75) = 1. 56. These cost multipliers are fundamentally the same as those registered with the ANL strategy. Correlation of ANL and Borroni-Bird Methodologies The data from Tables 1 and 2 is appeared as far as cost classes in Table 3. The two philosophies use vehicle fabricating cost as the base and add different expenses to it. The portion of MSRP inferable from â€Å"Vehicle Manufacturing† is half in the ANL philosophy, contrasted and 49% in the Borroni-Bird Methodology. Borroni-Bird consolidated a few cost supporters under â€Å"Fixed Cost. † These givers incorporate (see Table 2) â€Å"Amortization and Depreciation,† â€Å"Engineering R&D,† â€Å"Pension and Health Care,† â€Å"Advertising,† and â€Å"Overhead. † Except for the consideration of â€Å"Advertising,† â€Å"Production Overhead† and â€Å"Corporate Overhead† in the ANL strategy can be joined to frame a proportional class. ANL’s aggregate of 24% by creation Page 3 and corporate overheads is marginally lower than the aggregate of 26% by Borroni-Bird. The ANL class of â€Å"Selling,† which incorporates â€Å"Distribution,† â€Å"Marketing,† â€Å"Dealer Support,† and â€Å"Dealer Discount,† is more extensive than that of â€Å"Price Discounts† and â€Å"Dealer Markup† determined by BorroniBird, and this category’s commitment is justifiably somewhat higher in the ANL technique. The portion of MSRP by â€Å"Profit† is the equivalent in the two systems. The total contrasts, registered as ANL esteem less Borroni-Bird esteem, are 1% for â€Å"Vehicle Manufacturing,† â€2% for â€Å"Fixed Cost,† and 1% for â€Å"Selling† cost. Table 3 Comparison of Vehicle Price/Cost Allocation by ANL and Borroni-Bird Methodologies ANL Methodology Cost Contributor or Category Vehicle Manufacturing Production Overhead Corporate Overhead Selling Sum of Costs Profit MSRP EEA METHODOLOGY The approach of Energy and Environmental Analysis is summed up in the OTA report OTAETI-638, entit

Multinational Corporation Subsidiaries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Global Corporation Subsidiaries - Essay Example The paper tells that the basic job that culture takes in worldwide associations should be firmly inspected particularly in American firms where globalization multiplies. The developing significance of national and world exchange makes the need to comprehend the social assorted varieties in various areas and nations. The truism that associations need to design universally, think sanely, and act locally is pertinent from multiple points of view and all the more so corresponding to social contrasts. One of the most well known MNCs universally is Coca-Cola, working for effectively 125 years. As indicated by its official site, there are roughly 139,600 overall representatives of Coca-Cola that works in excess of 200 nations around the globe. The working gatherings of the Coca-Cola are demonstrated as Eurasia and Africa Group, Europe Group, Latin America Group, North America Group, Pacific Group, Bottling Investments Group, McDonald's Division. For the picked potential nations to move, Coc a-Cola has in like manner been recognized to work both in India and in the Philippines, with extra subtleties in the paper. Whenever choosing vocation openings, for the most part the official site would advance inquiry chances to the Pacific district where there are presently 297 employment opportunities reported. Under the Pacific gathering, the site unequivocally expresses that â€Å"The Coca-Cola Pacific Group incorporates a various gathering of quickly creating markets, for example, China, the Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam and other Southeast Asian nations†. As far as political and monetary conditions in India, the EDC gave the accompanying general viewpoint. The present political scene in India is very outstanding because of the moderately solid situation of the decision Congress-drove UPA alliance; the overseeing alliance keeps on keeping up its larger part in parliament. Simultaneously, the government’s remaining among voters has been to some degree discolored because of some extremely prominent defilement cases. The Government is probably going to abstain from seeking after disliked changes all through quite a bit of 2011 because of up and coming state gathering races. The security condition is commanded by the dangers presented by the Islamic aggressors and Naxalite extremist exercises. Market Spotlight: GDP development remained eased back to 8.2% y/y in Q4, to a great extent because of the log jam in government spending and private speculation. The pace of import development has eased back especially lately, in accordance with more vulnerable modern movement.

How to Write Great College Essays

How to Write Great College EssaysWriting great college essays is not only a skill that you should learn, but a talent that you can use to build your resume. Most college students are happy to take part in essay writing for this very reason. The power of essay writing is that it allows you to create and format the material so that it is not only interesting but also helps to direct the attention of the reader towards specific points in your essay.These days students have the ability to take advantage of various formats so that they can create interesting and well-written material that is still compelling and can help to direct the interest of the reader. The structure of the essays should also be somewhat consistent to prevent confusion in the student's mind as to which parts should be read and which should be skipped. This is especially true when they are faced with reading several essays over the course of the year.Great college essays are often composed using word processing softwa re, because this is what most students are familiar with and are used to using. The word processing programs allow you to draw on different types of formatting and layout options to allow you to style your paper in a way that makes it easy to understand. However, if you are writing from a grasp of English and understand the basic structures of the language you may find that the word processing options do not suffice. It is these individuals who should consider writing their essays in something like Microsoft Word.One of the keys to creating great college essays is to utilize the various functions and features that this type of software has to offer. Word is not the only option, there are numerous other programs that are similar to Word and are used for much the same purpose. The best ones are designed to allow the writing to flow in an organized fashion that makes it easy to comprehend and read.Other programs allow the student to write as they normally would, and then blend the text into a formal outline that allows the student to write the essay without having to do any real writing. Since most of the programs that are geared toward this purpose are specifically designed to be used for this purpose, they have the benefit of being able to provide an outline and structure that are not only easy to follow but also easily read and understand. Even the most basic software can be used to create quite impressive results in the form of a good-looking document.The quality of your work is not just affected by the way you format the essay, but how you use the formatting options of the program in conjunction with a professional style. For example, the formatting for a formal introduction should always be consistent with a professional style. If the introduction is too casual or informal, it can easily be misread and lose the audience's attention.A professional style of writing is not just a matter of following a pre-set format, but should also be implemented in the writi ng itself. The last thing that you want to do is to use fancy formatting for a piece of writing that you would submit to a publishing house. You want to create an original style that is free of garish colors and images.By following these tips, you will be making use of all of the most important elements to help to make your college essay a success. These skills will carry over into your career and they will help you stand out as someone who has a talent for academic writing.

Everything You Need to Know About Early Action Admission Notifications

Everything You Need to Know About Early Action Admission Notifications The college admissions process is a big game of hurry up and wait. Hurry to get your apps in on time, and then wait for months to hear back. It can be stressful, so here are a few things to keep in mind as the decision release day gets closer. Friday the 13th Decisions will be released on Friday, December 13 at 4:00 p.m. All decisions will be posted via your myIllini account, which leads me to my next tip Your myIllini Account I highly encourage you to log in to your myIllini account before December 13 to ensure you can access it. If you applied via Coalition, we have created a myIllini account for you. Your username is the email address you used when you applied. Accepting Your Offer You can accept your offer right away. Though its not required, there are some benefits to accepting your offer early on. Ultimately, you will need to make a decision no later than May 1, the National College Decision Day. Financial Aid Scholarship Information Financial aid and scholarship information will not be included in your offer of admission. That information will come to you later in the spring. You can refer to the Office of Student Financial Aid for more information. If you have not completed your FAFSA yet, I highly recommend that you do so as soon as possible. To learn more about submitting your FAFSA and applying for scholarships, check out our guide to paying for college. Keeping Cool Please be patient and dont hit refresh multiple times! Many people will be checking their myIllini accounts all at once, so it may be slower than usual to load. If youre experiencing technical difficulties, I recommend trying a different browser and being patient with our system. Your Next Steps Theres only one thing you have to do right now: relax. Your application is in, so use this time to take a deep breath and stop worrying for a little bit. If you dont believe me, then read more about why you dont have to stress when youre waiting to hear back from Illinois. Questions? Call Us! We are here to help. You can reach us at 217-333-0302 or admissions@illinois.edu. Our office hours are 8:30 to 5:00 p.m. CST, and we are happy to help you with anything you may need. Brian Senior Associate Director of Recruitment Outreach, Undergraduate Admissions I'm here to help high school students and their families navigate the college search process. An Illinois alumnus (LAS ’02), I had the honor to play football for the Orange and Blue.

How Undergrads Can Get A Peek At HBS

How Undergrads Can Get A Peek At HBS by: John A. Byrne on November 24, 2015 | 0 Comments Comments 356 Views November 24, 2015Harvard Business School (HBS) today (Nov. 24) revealed  the initial details for its 2016 Peek Weekend, an educational experience designed to give current college sophomores, juniors, and seniors enrolled in a bachelor’s degree program knowledge of and insight into the Harvard MBA program.To be held on the HBS campus in Boston from Friday, June 10, to Sunday, June 12, inclusive, Peek Weekend will help participants develop a broader understanding of the challenges leaders face, the many dimensions inherent in the business world, and the impact participants can have on their community and the world through organizational leadership.Peek, which began in 2015 focusing on candidates from women’s colleges, will expand its applicant pool this year. The 2016 Weekend will include three cohorts, with each cohort having its own specific curriculum in a ddition to joint sessions for all Peek participants. Students should be in the Class of 2016, 2017 or 2018 and meet one of the following criteria to attend the Weekend:BE ENROLLED  at a women’s college;BE MAJORING  in science, technology, engineering, or mathematics (the so-called STEM subjects);COME FROM  a family-owned business background.â€Å"These groups can be underrepresented in business school applicant pools,† said Dee Leopold, managing director of MBA Admissions and Financial Aid at HBS. â€Å"We want to do all we can to ensure that our admissions process reaches as many qualified students as possible and help them understand the many different options and opportunities a Harvard MBA can lead to in a graduate’s life.†The application for Peek 2016 will be available online at the beginning of March and will require eligible students to supply a resume, an undergraduate transcript, and an essay on a topic to be announced at a later date.  M aterials will be due no later than noon on Thursday, April 21. There is no application fee. Decisions will be released at noon on Thursday, May 5.PROGRAM COSTS JUST $500 AND INCLUDES A ROOM IN THE HBS DORMSThe cost of the 2016 Peek Weekend will be $500, which includes case materials, weekend accommodations in the school’s on-campus dormitories, and all meals. A limited number of need-based fellowships will be available. Students will be notified of financial aid awards after their acceptance to attend the weekend. Applicants are encouraged to inquire about additional funding that may be available from their own college or university.Peek participants will learn from faculty members who teach MBA courses at Harvard Business School during the academic year. Using the renowned case method of instruction that HBS pioneered in the teaching of management and leadership, professors will lead participant-based class discussions on current management challenges and opportunities.Peek students will spend their evenings preparing for class by analyzing cases based on real companies and situations. In the mornings before class, they will be part of small study groups that enable them to test out and discuss their ideas with others before joining the rest of their classmates in an HBS classroom specially designed for examining ideas through lively interaction with peers and professors. The weekend experience will also be supplemented by sessions with HBS students, alumni/ae, and staff.Interested students can receive updates on the weekend by joining the Peek mailing list:  https://apply.hbs.edu/register/PeekInquiryFormDONT MISS: A PEEK AT HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL OPENS THE DOOR TO AN MBA FOR YOUNG WOMEN Page 1 of 11

British Airways Business Directions Free Essay Example, 1500 words

The company performed its activities referring to a bureaucratic structure with policies and procedures. However, in the last years it has been the reduction of its management levels and today the company has a formal structure with responsibilities that cover numerous positions in the company. The structure of British Airways is flat type and has one level of hierarchy. It segregates management from the bottom-line employees. The organization has separated positions in management into ten divisions with subordinates in each. These divisions are planning, investment and alliances, commerce, ground operation, engineering, flight operation, IT, finance, law and HR. Nowadays, the air transport industry is that huge and customer- oriented that is allows every individual to reach the most distant points on the global scale. Moreover, air transport is an essential factor for many other industries such as tourism and hi- technology (Button 2008). The second largest international airlines c ompany in the world that serve scheduled passenger carriage is British Airways. It is also the largest international scheduled airline in the United Kingdom that operates international and domestic carriage of freight and mail and the ancillary services. We will write a custom essay sample on British Airways Business Directions or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now With earnings of over eight billion pounds sterling, the company has the largest employee headcount in the United Kingdom with forty- two thousand people serving worldwide (Operating profits rise at British Airways owner 2014). It is necessary to mention that British Airways macro environment consists of numerous external factors that directly or indirectly put an impact on this business. If they are managed in an efficient way, they ensure the company a constant growth and a reliable future. However, the largest factor, the global economic conditions that are changeable, do not guarantee the company its constant growth, development and profitability. Instead, they may cause loss in profit and less number of customers as a result. British Airways offer its services to the customers across the globe operating individuals and business travelers.

Simon Bolivar And George Washington - 843 Words

Two Heroes, One Continent Simon Bolivar and George Washington were two heroes that were born in the new continent. They had special military abilities and exceptional intelligence. They had won their place in history for being the biggest liberators of our continent. Bolivar the father of the countries that he liberates and Washington is the father of United States of America. Both had an aristocrat family and a good education, but they fought against oppression and against the Spanish and British Empires. Simon Jose Antonio de la Santà ­sima Trinidad Bolivar and Palacios was born in Caracas on July 24, 1783. He died in Santa Marta on December 17, 1830. Best known as Simon Bolivar. He was a Venezuelan military and politician, founder of†¦show more content†¦The strategies of war for both were very different. Bolivar used strong military strategies and had a brilliant use of cavalry and flanking. He was also a supporter of the use of the surprise factor in battles. He had an advantage, the British forces helped him to win. Nevertheless, he participates and win two big battles, Carabobo and Boyacà ¡. Although originally Washington had advocated the development of a traditional war, he was convinced of the effectiveness of harassing the British. I use it by much the military tactic called Fabiana. One of the most important was the victory against of the French invasion. In terms of political strategies. the vision of bolivar always involved people as part of the nation. Simon Bolivar was a stronger general. Was unable to create his republic. Bolivar tried to use authority to create stability, but failed. in some years later his vision was clouded by the victory and began to develop characteristics dictatorial. He was commonly seen as a dictator from his authoritative views. He declared himself dictator of Gran Colombia in 1828. Washington was the stronger leader for allowing his country to develop. Washington stood down from commander in chief of the Continental Army in 1783, and allowed the government to develop itself byShow MoreRelated Simon Bolivar Essay603 Words   |  3 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Simon Jose Antonio de la Santisima Trinidad Bolivar was born in Caracas on July 24, 1783 to don Juan Vicente Bolivar y Ponte y dona Maria de la Concepcion Palacios y Blanco. Simon received an excellent education from his tutors, Simon Rodriquez and Andres Bello. By the age of nine Bolivar lost both his parents, and was being taken care of by his uncle don Carlos Palacios. At the age of fifteen in 1799 he traveled to Spain to receive a better education. In Spain, Bolivar met Maria TeresaRead MoreSimon Bolivar - The Liberator Essay2176 Words   |  9 PagesSimon Bolivar - The Liberator Simon Bolivar was proclaimed â€Å"Liberator† by his own people and a world-renowned figure in his day. His prophetic vision of hemispheric solidarity lives today, and his political thinking serves dictators and democrat alike in contemporary Latin America. This paper explores the impact the days of colonialism and revolution, in which treatment of Creoles was inferior to Peninsulares (Spaniards born in Spain). And this was a long-standing cause of frustration and resentmentRead MoreThe Liberator By Alberto Arvelo1089 Words   |  5 Pages The Liberator, directed by Alberto Arvelo, is a historical biographical film documenting the life of Simon Bolivar and his struggle against the Spanish for equality in South America. Somewhat surprisingly, the cast is an incredibly gifted cast in comparison with other Latin American produced films with smaller budgets. Édgar Ramà ­rez was the main actor who played the role of Simon Bolivar in the film. Erich Wildpret played the critic al role of Antonio Jose de Sucre. 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In 1787, the Constitution of the United States was written accentuating the rights of individuals, from which the French separatist gained motivation (Bentley, et al., 2008). The French Revolution lasted from 1789-1799Read MoreThe African Descent Essay1228 Words   |  5 Pagesbetween the commoners and the other two estates, nothing was done. 11. Simon Bolivar: He is often referred to as the Latin American George Washington. He was a creole who fought against the royalist army, winning the independence of Venezuela, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Panama. In 1819, he became president of Gran Colombia, which included all of the nations listed above. When Gran Colombia split in the 1830s, Bolivar went into exile. 12. Jose de San Martin: He was an Argentinean creoleRead MoreRegional Pacific Super Power Is Not A Member, China1282 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent, but it is still more similar than the EU. Spanish, English and Portuguese comprise most of the national languages of member states, and many countries have the same revolutionary background. When you look at Simà ³n Bolà ­var, a revolutionary who is analogous to â€Å"the George Washington of Venezuela — and of Bolivia, Colombia, Panama, Ecuador and Peru† [1]. Five of these countries, all excluding Panama, are members of UNASUR. No country in the EU can say that about itself. Many South American countriesRead MoreThe Relationship Between Revolution, State Reform, And Industrialization2739 Words   |  11 PagesFor the Haitian Revolution, a slave revolt broke out and was led by a man named Toussaint L’Ouverture. Mexico became independent due to Napoleon invading Spain and weakening the royal control of the colonie s and the independence movement led by Simà ³n Bolivar. Pedro the King’s son agreed to an independent Brazil. Industrialization began through new inventions and use of material. Coal replaced the use of wood. 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Apparently, machismo is still in the psyche most Filipinos. This notion has to change in our time when even the smallest deeds of self-sacrifice can be considered heroism. In my opinion, for one to be a hero, one must

Rod Rosenstein Biography

Rod Rosenstein (born Rod Jay Rosenstein on January 13, 1965) is an American attorney and former criminal prosecutor who investigated tax fraud and public corruption before being tapped by Republican President George W. Bush to serve in the Department of Justice as a U.S. attorney in Maryland. Rosenstein enjoyed support and respect from Republicans and Democrats alike and served as the second in command at the Department of Justice under Bushs two successors in the White House, Barack Obama and Donald J. Trump. Rosensteins political legacy, though, will very likely center on his controversial move to appoint Special Counsel Robert S. Mueller III to investigate Russias attempts to influence the 2016 presidential election. Fast Facts: Rod Rosenstein Full Name: Rod Jay RosensteinKnown For: Deputy U.S. attorney general who appointed and oversaw special counsel Robert S. Mueller IIIs investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 presidential electionBorn: Jan. 13, 1965, in Lower Moreland, near PhiladelphiaParents Names: Robert and Gerri RosensteinSpouses Name: Lisa BarsoomianChildrens Names: Julia and AllisonEducation: Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, 1986 (B.S. in economics); Harvard Law School, 1989 (J.D.)Key Accomplishments: Winning respect from Republicans and Democrats alike in Washington as he became the longest-serving U.S. attorney in the country during the administration of President Donald Trump Early Years Rod Rosenstein was born and raised in Lower Moreland, Pennsylvania, a suburb of Philadelphia, where his father operated a small business and his mother served on a local school board. It was there, he said at his confirmation hearing before the U.S. Senate, that he learned straightforward values. Work hard. Play by the rules. Question assumptions, but treat everyone with respect. Read widely, write coherently and speak thoughtfully. Expect nothing, and be grateful for everything. Remain gracious in times of defeat, and humble in moments of victory. And try to leave things better than you found them. Rosenstein attended public schools and graduated from Lower Moreland High School in 1982. He then entered the Wharton School of Business at the University of Pennsylvania, where he studied public policy, management, and economics. His interest in government led him to Harvard Law School after graduation. Rosenstein served as an intern for the U.S. Attorney’s Office in Massachusetts, a position that had a lasting impact on his career as a public servant. Career in Law Rosensteins long career as a government attorney began in 1990, when he first joined the Department of Justice as a trial attorney with the Public Integrity Section of the Criminal Division. From there, he launched into decades of prosecuting drug dealers, white-collar criminals and public corruption. As the U.S. attorney for Maryland, Rosenstein pressed for longer sentences for felons and battled inner-city gangs. Among Rosensteins most high-profile cases were prosecutions of: Baltimores elite Gun Trace Task Force, whose mission was to get guns off the streets and violent criminals behind bars; eight of its nine members were alleged in 2017 to have abused their power by shaking city residents down for cash, drugs and jewelry. Some members of the squad confessed to robbing residents, planting drugs on innocent people and reselling the substances to others.A Baltimore man who shot and killed a 3-year-old toddler who was playing on her front porch in Baltimore in 2014; the case remained unsolved for about three years when Rosenstein in 2017 accused a 28-year-old gang member of firing the gun at a member of a rival faction. These cases do not solve themselves. They get solved because of extraordinary work by honorable, decent, diligent law enforcement officers, Rosenstein said at the time.Dozens of people in prison-corruption scandals at the Eastern Correctional Institution in Westover; employees there were accused of smuggling drugs, cigarettes, cellphones an d pornographic movies into the facility and selling them. Rosenstein also: Recommended the firing of FBI Director James Comey over his handling of the investigation into Democrat Hillary Clintons email servers.Appointed Special Counsel Robert S. Mueller III to investigate Russias attempts to influence the 2016 presidential election after Attorney General Jeff Sessions recused himself from the case. Legal observers describe him as a tough, law-and-order prosecutor who is also fair-minded and nonpartisan. Heres a look at the various positions Rosenstein held prior to his time as deputy to Attorney General Sessions. 1993-94: Counsel to the deputy attorney general;1994-95: Special assistant to the Criminal Division’s assistant attorney general;1995-97: Associate independent counsel under Ken Starr, whose office investigated Bill and Hillary Clintons business and real-estate dealings in Arkansas.1997-2001: Assistant U.S. Attorney in Maryland.2001-05: Principal deputy assistant attorney general for the Tax Division of the U.S. Department of Justice, supervising criminal sections and coordinating tax enforcement activities of the Tax Division, the U.S. Attorney’s Offices and the Internal Revenue Service.2005-17: U.S. Attorney in Maryland, overseeing federal criminal and civil litigation.2017-Current: Deputy U.S. attorney general following President Donald J. Trumps nomination on Jan. 31, 2017, and Senate confirmation on April 25, 2017. Personal Life Rosenstein and his wife, Lisa Barsoomian, live in Maryland and have two children, Allison Liza and Julia Paige. Barsoomian worked as a government prosecutor and, later, as a lawyer for the National Institutes of Health. Important Quotes It is important to separate the role of politics in setting priorities and the decision to prosecute cases. And in the Justice Department that is what we do on a daily basis, that is how are trained. — Speaking to an ABC affiliate about his role as deputy attorney general.â€Å"The oath of office is an obligation. It requires me to support and defend the Constitution of the United States; to bear true faith and allegiance to the Constitution; and to well and faithfully discharge the duties of my office. I have taken that oath several times, and I have administered it many times. I know it by heart. I understand what it means, and I intend to follow it.† — Speaking at his confirmation hearing in 2017. Role in Trump Russia Investigation Rosenstein was a relatively unknown political figure outside of Maryland, even after being tapped as deputy attorney general and assuming oversight of Muellers investigation into Russian meddling in the 2016 elections. Rosenstein drew Trumps ire after appointing the special counsel, but threw his career into jeopardy by suggesting to colleagues he secretly record Trump in the White House to expose the chaos consuming the administration. Rosenstein also was said to have discussed recruiting cabinet members to invoke the 25th Amendment, which allows for the forceful removal of a president outside of the constitutional impeachment process.  Rosenstein denied the reports. While Rosenstein held onto his job after that controversy, Trump passed him over for a promotion in late 2018 when Session was fired as attorney general. Rosenstein had been the heir apparent to the position because of the terms of the federal Attorney General Succession Act, which gives the deputy attorney general authority when the top position becomes vacant. Sources Davis, Julie Hirschfeld, and Rebecca R. Ruiz. â€Å"Caught in White House Chaos, Justice Dept. Official Seeks Neutral Ground.† The New York Times, The New York Times, 22 May 2017.â€Å"Meet the Deputy Attorney General.† The United States Department of Justice, 21 June 2017.â€Å"U.S. Attorney in Baltimore Is Trumps Pick to Be Deputy Attorney General.† The Washington Post, WP Company, 14 Jan. 2017.Vignarajah, Thiru. â€Å"A Look at the Past Work of the Deputy AG Who Called for Comeys Firing.† Vox, Vox, 10 May 2017.

Essay Compare and Contrast Themes of Brave New World and 1984

Science Fiction Essay Two classic novels, 1984 written by George Orwell and Brave New World penned by Aldous Huxley both possess similar topics and themes. In both novels societies are striving for a utopia, or a perfect society. These novels also take place in societies with versions of totalitarian governments, which is a government that rules by coercion. Not only are the topics similar, but in both novels a rebellious character is the protagonist; Winston Smith from 1984 and John the Savage in Brave New World. Another parallel in the books are the tactics that the government uses to instill fear and power over the citizens. A common theme expressed in Orwell’s novel 1984 and Huxley’s novel Brave New World is that government uses†¦show more content†¦The Bokanovsky Process is when zygotes are cloned into roughly 32 sets of identical twins. Being part of just a group of cells that were produced desensitizes those to individuality. Although the leaders in the government of this so ciety state that the Bokanovsky Process provides stability which leads to happiness; some characters such as John the Savage crave to escape technology and lack of independence. After his mother had passed away, John the Savage went and spoke to Mustapha Mond who explains: â€Å"But people never are alone now, we make them hate solitude; and we arrange their lives so that it’s almost impossible for them to have it† (Huxley 235). The commonality between Brave New World and 1984 is that the prevention of individuality allows the government to control its citizens. In both 1984 and Brave New World a method to convey government control is displayed in the way both governments control knowledge. In 1984 many of the citizens of London are illiterate and are unable to write. This is because society practically forbids the expansion of knowledge. A Party doctrine in this society is â€Å"Ignorance is Strength† (Orwell 4); the slogan prevents a rebellion by conditioning the citizens of Oceania not to crave knowledge. With more knowledge a citizen might discover how the government treats the society and will attempt to challenge it. When this was played over and over again in the background people would startShow MoreRelatedComparison between The Chrysalids and Brave New World892 Words   |  4 Pages1 English Studies Extended Study – Connected Texts In this essay I will compare two novels which deal with similar themes but in significantly different ways: â€Å"The Chrysalids†, a science fiction novel by John Wyndham published in 1955 and â€Å"Brave New World†, a novel by Aldous Huxley published in 1932. The story in â€Å"The Chrysalids† takes place thousands of years in the future in a rural society similar to our world before the invention of modern technology such as telephones, cars, etc. The peopleRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s A Clockwork Orange 1611 Words   |  7 PagesSlaves to a cooperate world with pre-determined life plans and ‘choices’. Always connected but never truly free to do as we please. Or is this the path we are heading towards? 1984 and ‘A clockwork orange’ show a projection of a harsh dystopian future where the people are ruled over and oppressed by dictatorial governments. The minority who are brave enough to rebel are quickly brought to a halt and then conditioned to fit back into a ‘perfect’ society. 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A recent novel that really struck me as a novelRead MoreWitness by Peter Weir Notes12043 Words   |  49 Pageschance to compare two different levels of American society, the culture and the world of the modern city and the culture and world of the Amish. * In writing about Witness, Marie Saeli states that the film hoes that the ‘two cultures meet, but never merge.† It is this contrast of the two worlds, conveyed to the audience mainly in visual terms that is one of the most important and memorable aspects for the spectator. * Amish Is established as peaceful and idyllic. Plot: * Set in 1984, LancasterRead MoreThe Sonnet Form: William Shakespeare6305 Words   |  26 PagesShakespeare’s Sonnets William Shakespeare The Sonnet Form A sonnet is a fourteen-line lyric poem, traditionally written in iambic pentameter—that is, in lines ten syllables long, with accents falling on every second syllable, as in: â€Å"Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?† The sonnet form first became popular during the Italian Renaissance, when the poet Petrarch published a sequence of love sonnets addressed to an idealized woman named Laura. Taking firm hold among Italian poets, the sonnetRead MorePeople Management Development22130 Words   |  89 Pagesthe major topics and themes that are built on throughout your study programme to develop your analytical, critical and evaluative faculties through requiring you to link the theories and knowledge that you are acquiring in your studies with the human resource (HR) policies, procedures, systems and practices that operate within your workplace to encourage you to add value to your organisation through your activities in the workplace by encouraging you to compare and contrast ‘best practice’ elsewhereRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesothers who should know better) to trivialize this very problematic and challenging subject. This is not the case with the present book. This is a book that deserves to achieve a wide readership. Professor Stephen Ackroyd, Lancaster University, UK This new textbook usefully situates organization theory within the scholarly debates on modernism and postmodernism, and provides an advanced introduction to the heterogeneous study of organizations, including chapters on phenomenology, critical theory and psychoanalysisRead MoreRethinking Mercantalism Essay15042 Words   |  61 PagesRethinking Mercantilism: Political Economy, the British Empire, and the Atlantic World in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries Author(s): Steve Pincus Reviewed work(s): Source: The William and Mary Quarterly, Vol. 69, No. 1 (January 2012), pp. 3-34 Published by: Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5309/willmaryquar.69.1.0003 . Accessed: 06/09/2012 12:18 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms

Cross Cultural Interactions with Others Free Essays

Social workers, psychologists and educators alike, have a responsibility to develop cultural competencies. This implies a commitment to creating an environment of mutual understanding. â€Å"Cultural competence refers to the process by which individuals and systems respond respectfully and effectively to people of all cultures, languages, classes, races, ethnic backgrounds, religions, and other diversity factors in a manner that recognizes, affirms, and values the worth of individuals, families, and communities and protects and preserves the dignity of each† (NASW, 2000b, p. We will write a custom essay sample on Cross Cultural Interactions with Others or any similar topic only for you Order Now 61). Therapists focus on interactions with diverse clients and new situations everyday. Developing cultural competencies is essential towards meaningful communication. Research on person perception has suggested that the information we glean from others can be affected by factors such as appearance, stereotypes, and culture (Wang, 2009). The competency statements for review focus upon communication style (verbal and nonverbal) and how communication can influence others perceptions. In addition, a competency statement regarding high-and low-context communication from different cultural socializations is discussed. Most models of counseling assume that the spoken word is understood. However, when working with cross cultural clients, a host of deficits linger, which may lead to distance, vulnerability and misinterpretations. Verbal communication is important but can be easily misinterpreted across cultures. Words are powerful, but often forgotten. How one perceives the words is most often remembered. Words and what they mean in a cross cultural setting have a major role in a therapeutic setting. To fully understand a culture, it is necessary to understand the se of the cultures metaphors. Metaphors have their own historical origins and are culture specific (Laungani, 2004). The understanding of intrapersonal process of communication is essential and fundamentally important when working with ethnic clients. The therapist needs a clear understanding of the client’s subjective experiences, personal goals, daily behaviors and other significant areas to ensure communication value (Laungani, 2004). When verbal messages are unclear, we tend to look at nonverbal cues (LeBaron, 2003). During a therapeutic encounter between therapist and clients of different cultural backgrounds, it is imperative for all concerned to be vigilant and sensitive enough to read correctly the different verbal, non-verbal, and other physical cues the client knowingly or unknowingly may display to the therapist (Laungani, 2004, p. 196). Nonverbal communication is especially important in intercultural counseling situations because of language barriers (metaphors), set mannerisms, and cultural unfamiliarity. Research has agreed that nonverbal messages convey more than half of the affective meaning of each message (Launganie, 2004, Edmonds, 2010, Wang, 2010). Many emotions are similar across cultures, how they are expressed and interpreted is culture-specific. For example, a person of Japanese decent may smile as she relates details of a death in her family. For a Westerner, who understands a smile to mean happiness, this expression may seem cold and unfeeling. Based upon cultural beliefs in Japan, it is not appropriate to inflict the pain of grief on others (LeBaron, 2003). The understanding of high-and low-context communications from different cultures is significant because it plays an integral part in understanding and developing a relationship. â€Å"Direct and indirect styles of communication correspond to the concept of high-and low-context cultures. The United States is considered a low-context culture because of the linear and direct style of communication. On the other hand, China, Mexico, and Egypt are termed â€Å"high-context cultures† because communication is more contextual, process-oriented, and less rushed† (Fouad, 2007, p. 3). In examining the cognitive style of communication, Brooks (2004) noted that Americans follow a predictable sequence in their thought process. They tend to organize their thoughts in a linear fashion before speaking. Speakers, who have a more relaxed view on time, tend to meander to the point, such as Asians. Arab, Russians, and Africans, tend to insert stories and go off on tangents (p. 143). Cultures tend to attribute different levels of importance to nonverbal and verbal communication. High context cultures rely more on the unspoken word. They are concerned and focused upon the context and the person’s knowledge of the rules for communicating. For other cultures, a clear understanding of the message is less important because nonverbal behavior and the context are understood. Middle East, Asia, and Latin America are examples of high context cultural groups. United States and Canada are considered a low context culture because they place less importance on nonverbal communication and rely heavily on the spoken word (Fouad, 2007). According to (LeBaron, 2003) high context settings such as Japan or Colombia, understanding of the nonverbal message is more important than the communication as a whole. Therapists need to be aware of these differences so they can model appropriate behaviors for others (Fouad, 2007). â€Å"Gudykunst (2001) conceptualized high context communication to include the following communication styles: being indirect, inferring meaning, interpersonal sensitivity, using feelings to guide behavior, and the using silence. In contrast, low context communication includes: being dramatic, dominant, animated, relaxed, attentive, open friendly, contentious, and impression-leaving† (Park Kim, 2008, p. 47). An emerging body of research has documented that â€Å"Asian cultures tend to adhere to high context communication styles, while European cultures tend to adhere to low context communication styles† (p. 47). Communication styles can be rational or emotional. For example, Brooks (2004) stated that Americans are considered to be more rational. On the other hand, Southeast Asians prefer to keep their emotions stable. Russians are known to be highly emotional (p. 144). In chapter 3, Fouad (2007) addresses the cross-cultural interactions with others. According to Fouad (2007) â€Å"sensitivity and understanding about different cultural scripts for verbal and nonverbal behaviors are essential because of the different formal and informal norms across cultures† (p. 43). This is an important message because you cannot have rapport and empathy without understanding, sensitivity, and knowledge of multicultural behaviors and values. Effectiveness with a client from another culture is dependent upon making educated choices involving communication. LeBaron (2003) noted that â€Å"all communication is cultural; it draws on how we have learned to speak and give nonverbal messages† (p. 1). The way we communicate to others depends upon the situation, individual personalities, and our mood. This coupled with a variety of cultural influences we already have can influence our communication choices. Communication is interactive and plays an important influence on the effectiveness of our relationship with others (LeBaron, 2003). Although some emotions are universal (a smiley face inserted in emails), others are subtle and often misunderstood (a wink). Facial expressions may be the only form of nonverbal communication that may be considered universal. Cultures interpret body language, gestures, posture and carriage, vocal noises (shrieks and grunts), and degree of eye contact differently (Edmonds, 2010). Gestures can be easily misinterpreted. For example, nodding your head up and down within the Western culture, suggests you agree. However, in the Middle Eastern culture, it means the opposite. Nodding your head affirmatively in the Middle East is a sign of disagreement. Moreover, in Japan, a nod is just a signal that someone is listening (Wang, 2010). Edmonds (2010) shares that the â€Å"OK† signal made by forming a circle with the thumb and forefinger refers to money in some countries, while in others, it’s extremely offensive reference to a private body part. Eye contact is another variable that is extremely important. In some cultures direct eye contact is valued. However, in other cultures, averting eye contact is a sign of respect. A simple gesture of thumbs up, may readily offend someone from a different culture. In Iran, this gesture is considered to be vulgar. Shaking hands when greeting may seem innocent, but in some countries this is rude behavior. In the Middle East, you should not hand an object to another person with your left hand. The left hand in the Middle East is reserved for personal hygiene (Edmonds, 2010). Others may be shy and touching is considered an intimate behavior. There are specific rules for personal space across cultures. There are different ideas about space when having a conversation. Research shows that Americans tend to prefer a large amount of space. Europeans tend to stand closer together when talking. It is suggested that this may be due to the fact that Europeans are accustomed to smaller places. Americans on the other hand, are used to larger homes and countryside’s (LeBaron, 2003). Personal space is not a concern for some cultures. Italians and Latino’s allow for open kissing with strong and long embraces to greet one another, whereas in the United States, such contact may be considered too sexual. Further studies have shown that Asian children cannot be touched on the head or it will damage the child’s soul. Each of these variables influences communication efforts (Edmonds (2010). As clinicians, we must strive to learn all we can about the culture of our clients. Remer (2007) introduces the butterfly effect. This effect refers to â€Å"those small differences in initial conditions may have severe consequences for patterns in the long run† (p. 93). Miscommunications can lead to frustration and a lack of trust, thus destroying a relationship. Conflict can easily occur or escalate if miscommunications are already in place. As an agent of change, this writer values diversity as an opportunity to learn. Professional expectations should never be lowered, they need to be developed and maintained in order to improve the quality of culturally competent services. Sensitivity and knowledge should be heightened in order to be a successful agent of change. Striving to be cross-culturally competent is a life long journey. It begins with each day being viewed as an opportunity to learn more about another person. Competence implies that one has the confidence and the capacity to function effectively outside of their culture zone. Despite the madness surrounding social service agencies, this writer is committed to supporting members of underrepresented groups. It is paramount to be committed to incorporating a wide variety of verbal and nonverbal communication skills in response to direct and indirect communication styles. A simple glance can affect the message you are sending and how others perceive you. Moreover, it is important to have a strong sense of self awareness. One must be accepting, comfortable and open to new and unfamiliar ways of communicating in order to broaden personal perspectives. The main focus is to remain objective, know that there are cultural differences, be able to identify subtle behaviors, and to trust your intuition. Alternative ways in which a therapist can be actively involved in cross cultural communication may include checking with clients for the accuracy of your interpretation when unsure. Raising a question about interpretations demonstrates interest, validation and establishes trust. Therapists may choose to move outside of verbal exchanges and use acting, puppets (young children), drawing, music, story telling, collage making and journaling. By allowing clients to be your teacher, one can enhance the relationship and establish competence. As an agent of change, specific objectives are to be met. First, diversity training should be offered. Coworkers will be asked to band together and search for consultants or facilitators to assist in the planning. Second, embrace research and gain as much knowledge as you can about your client’s culture. Third, frequent consultations with supervisors and colleagues are important to obtain performance feedback. Collaboration with others is an excellent way to remain grounded. As a therapist working with cross cultural clients, it is important to remember that although your mouth is closed, your body is talking. How to cite Cross Cultural Interactions with Others, Essay examples

The Black Belt free essay sample

What does it mean to be a black belt in karate? Does it mean mastering every technique? Does it mean being unbeatable in combat? Does it mean becoming the epitome of discipline? A karate black belt†¦ said my sensei, †¦is a role model. A look of disappointment spread across my face as I sat on the rock-hard cafeteria floor dojo listening to my sensei. I tried to derive a more satisfactory meaning from my senseis dull and unimaginative response. Do you mean being a role model to your opponents so theyre afraid to fight you? I asked cleverly. No. A role model is the epitome of responsibility and leadership; the most important aspects to becoming a true black belt. That is why Ive decided to assign you senpai duties. A senpai, in karate, is a high ranked student in a dojo that assists the sensei and teaches lower ranked students. We will write a custom essay sample on The Black Belt or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I was a first-dan black belt (the lowest rank of black belt) and upon receiving news of my promotion, contrary to the expected reaction of being promoted, was quite disappointed. My disappointment stemmed from my unquenchable thirst for self-improvement. High-level karate competition not only requires determination and skill; it also requires a significant amount of time investment, and with the addition of senpai duties I was afraid my practicing time would be severely reduced. Little did I know, my promotion to sempai would bridge the gap between my selfish adolescence and altruistic adulthood. My duties as a senpai in my dojo were, to say the least, quite tedious. I had to open up the cafeteria dojo everyday, put up rows upon rows of heavy tables to clear space, warm up the students with monotonous exercises, and teach them a multitude of techniques. Uninspired and moody, I trudged through my daily duties like they were a sickness. Only after the first class, when the students le ft, did I have time to train with my sensei. After many days of seemingly wasted time, a certain incident broke the monotony. During warm up exercises, one of the younger students suddenly stopped in place and looked down at the floor. Quivering and bending over, the students pants started to get soaked, and soon the floor was covered with a small puddle of yellow liquid. Eww! He peed his pants! one student cried. The room of students collectively laughed mockingly as the one embarrassed student started to cry. Realizing the situation I tried to look around for guidance from adults, but to no avail, as I was the eldest around. I quickly rushed the embarrassed child to the bathroom to help clean him up. Devastated, red-faced and crying uncontrollably, the student cried out for his parents as I attempted to clean him up. The helpless little boy before me was reminiscent of an earlier version of myself, and intense empathy swelled in my heart When I finished cleaning I suddenly rem embered the group of mocking students back in the cafeteria and a powerful fury swept over me. Determined to set the disrespectful students straight I re-entered the cafeteria with new resolve. The students, still standing around the puddle of urine, were laughing and gossiping with each other in disgust. I stormed up to them and reprimanded them fiercely. I made the students apologize and tried to teach them the errors of their ways, but suddenly, during my lecture, I had a revelation. Who was I to lecture these kids? What qualified me to teach people? I remembered clearly. I was the senpai. The teacher. The leader. The role model. And being the role model, I had something the others did not: responsibilities. And for many days I neglected to take my responsibilities seriously and, as a result, my students neglected to take my teachings seriously. The many classes that followed my epiphany were met with new found vitality. I came to class early to help students, cleaned the dojo floor, and led warm ups with great vivacity. Determined to improve my students I, in turn, improved myself and ultimately quenched the thirst for advancement that I desperately yearned for. Yet these improvements were not limited to karate. Responsibility and leadership, values that I held high in my role as a senpai, would forever burn their importance upon my susceptible teenage mind. Retrospectively, Ive realized that a black belt is not just a piece of fabric that is worn as a badge of accomplishment: it is a moral guideline, a set of values, and when I have long passed my time as a senpai, I will always be wearing my black belt.

Understanding Management and Business Context

Question: Discuss about theUnderstanding Management and Business Context. Answer: Introduction Understanding management in business context is one of the key aspects in the business. It is important for every entrepreneur to focus on developing the overall process putting up a company. Setting up effective management system within the organisation is important for the smooth operation of the organisation. The present study will involve the discussion of the business management and key internal contextual factors that impact on the business positively or negatively. The present study will be done on Commonwealth Bank which is one of the leading financial service Company in Australia and the world. The present study is done based on the five different management topics that have been discussed in the class. The analysis is presented effectively based on the topic 1 to 5. Understanding of the Business and Management Concepts The first topic mainly talks about the emergence of business and also the relevance of different components involved with business. The emergence of business organisations has happened a long time back during the early civilisations and hence the concept of business could be stated as comparatively old concept. With time passing and with the world becoming more civilised business concepts started cropping up slowly for the needs and wants of the consumers. Slowly and steadily different kinds of corporate structures were formed which helped the companies to develop different kinds of business all across the world. For instance sole trader businesses where only one trader is responsible for the business, Partnership where more than one partner operates the business and they have official agreement, the company form of business is another key style of business structure which is mainly operated by number of shareholders in the company who invest on shares and stocks of the company and b ecome directly related stakeholders in the business and Trusts which is run by different people together (Wallis, 2015). The case study company used for reference that is Commonwealth Bank Australia is a company form of business and generates capital through shares and bonds. The company is a financial institution and also an effective form of investment for many people. The company has the director who performs number of statutory duties. The company follows the Corporations Act 2001 and the directors will have to abide by the corporation act in order to avert any kind of legal troubles. Commonwealth Bank has a legal Tax File Number under which the company pays tax. The company has Australian Company Number (ACN) which is issues by ASIC to the company to be reflected in all official documents like invoices, and other papers (Padgett Powell, 2012). The director of the company Commonwealth Bank has to perform common law duties as well as the statutory duties for the organisation and makes sure that the company operates effectively. It could be said that most of the limited liability company are effective but their procedures are complicated enough and so it is important to implement the organisational procedure effectively. The second topic discusses the key aspects of the environmental factors and their importance for an organisation. It could be said that for every company analysing the environmental forces becomes highly important. There are different tools and techniques which help in understanding the environmental position of an organisation like the PESTLE analysis which helps to understand the external environment of an organisation; on the other hand SWOT is an extremely effective strategic tool that helps to discuss the internal and external environment of an organisation together. Both the tools are effective in understanding the internal and external business environment of the organisation effectively. It is important for Commonwealth Bank Australia to understand its internal and external business environment successfully which will help the organisation (Scott, 2013). Political: Changing policies of the government has led the company to increase the returns of the shareholders to attract them effectively. Due to the changes in policies financial deregulation has taken place and the company has got upper hand in the market. Economic: The regulatory capital framework has stronger impact on the business. The economic policy of the company is extremely effective for the organisation. Social: The banks play pivotal role in the welfare of the communities and Commonwealth bank does a lot of effective social works for the communities (Grundy, 2006). Technological: The Company employs effective technology like online banking. Legal: The Company abides by the corporation act 2001 which helps to operate smoothly. Environmental: The Company works with the focus of green business and boycotts the use of paper. it has promoted online banking which helps to develop their market (Zalengera et al., 2014). SWOT Analysis Strengths Diversified business in different branches. It is one of the largest companies in Australia. Strong revenue and increasing profit. High and skillful employees. Weaknesses Involved in number of controversies. The loan impairment is a concern (Worthington Britton, 2015). Opportunities Starting of the core net banking is effective for the organisation. Expansion activities in overseas markets. Launching of new products and services Initiatives like One Commbank have helped a lot of consumers. Threats Increase in financial institutions in Asian countries, and even in Australia Risk due to the change in foreign exchange rates. Weak economic outlook can lead to stagnation or decline in growth (Klapper et al., 2011). The Third topic discusses the common risks that organisations could face in business. Commonwealth bank operates in a highly competitive market and hence it is important that the company is able to focus on developing its risk assessment procedure successfully. The common risks that Commonwealth Bank faces are political risks which concerns with the countrys current political position and its status. The problems with global risks like problem of import duty and export duty et cetera. Economic risk is also a crucial risk which commonwealth bank faces in the market. Like foreign investment issues and labor issues due to weaker economic strength. Market uncertainty is another risk which poses a huge problem for the organisation in markets. High competition in market and weaker research and development issues are highly important to be sorted out (Berg, 2010). The company employs an effective strategy of risk mitigation. It implements an effective procedure to assess the risk with the h elp of risk assessment procedure and then tries to reduce the adverse effects of the risk. Business continuity and disaster recovery is one strategy to mitigate risks for the company. The political risks are often accepted and used as strategy to work for the company. The most common problems the company has faced so far is the economic and political issues which has affected the company and it has also taken positive steps to mitigate these issues effectively with the help of risk assessment. Global risks are also very tough for a company to work with and hence Commonwealth Bank applies the global risk management strategy which consists of market evaluation, research and development, and strategy implementation (De Kluyer, 2010). The fourth topic discusses the different aspects of business practices. Commonwealth Bank Australia focuses on developing its relationship with the employees and developing their engagement with the company. For this the company employs different motivational programs and reward and incentive programs for the employees. It could be said that incentives like increments, changes in the salary structure, ESI and PF and added responsibilities on the employees helps to develop the employee engagement with the company. The company focuses on high performance work practices which are effective for the organisation to grow and develop its business (Argenti, 2015). The company has aligned the high performance work practices like compensation, increment, employee relations communications, performance appraisal are properly synchronised in order to have a positive impact on the business. The company operates under best practice which helps to ensure that it attains the highest level of success for the business. Formal benchmarking is done in the company which compares performance levels and sets up effective benchmark for performance. It also applies best practice benchmarking which helps to develop the business as it continuously researches for companies with high performance strategy that helps to set its best practice benchmark (Vermeulen, 2012). The fifth topic is one of the key topics in the module as it discusses the different sections of a firm. For instance in the CBA the operations functions as the core section of the business. It handles all the transactions of the consumers right. It manages plans and organises and sells financial products and services to the consumers. The marketing section of the company focuses on effective communication of the company with the stakeholders important for the business. The marketing section involves marketing mix assessment which helps to improve the business transactions and communications with the stakeholders. The finance section helps to develop the business by assessing the financial requirements of the company, managing financial resources and implementing financial resources effectively for CBA. The Human resource management at the company focuses on getting the best possible candidates to work for the company and also manage their payroll and other things effectively (Baden- Fuller Morgan, 2010). Conclusion The present study has discussed all the key aspects involved with the management and business. The present study has discussed about the risks and challenges that a company could face, it has also discussed the important aspects like external and internal business environment of a company and functions of the diverse sections in the business which has helped to complete the study successfully. References Wallis, M. (2015). Why corporations should have their special statusreviewed. The Conversation. Padgett, J. F., Powell, W. W. (2012).The emergence of organizations and markets. Princeton University Press. Scott, W. R. (2013).Institutions and organizations: Ideas, interests, and identities. Sage Publications. Grundy, T. (2006). Rethinking and reinventing Michael Porter#39;s five forces model, Strategic Change, Vol. 15, Iss. 5, pp. 213-229. Zalengera, C., Blanchard, R.E., Eames, P.C., Juma, A.M., Chitawo, M.L., amp; Gondwe, K.T. (2014). Overview of the Malawi energy situation and A PESTLE analysis Worthington, I., Britton, C. (2015).The business environment. Pearson Education Limited. Klapper, L., Lewin, A., Delgado, J. M. Q. (2011). The impact of the business environment on the business creation process. InEntrepreneurship and Economic Development(pp. 108-123). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Berg, H.P. (2010). Risk Management: Procedures, methods and experiences, Risk: Analysis amp; Theory, Vol. 1, No. 2 [17], pp. 79 95. De Kluyer, C. (2010). Fundamentals of Global Strategy: A Business Model Approach, Business Expert Press, Sterling Forest, U.S. Vermeulen, F. (2012). Which Best Practices are ruining your businesses? Harvard Business Review on line hbr.org December Baden-Fuller, C., Morgan, M. S. (2010). Business models as models.Long range planning,43(2), 156-171. Argenti, P. A. (2015).Corporate communication. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.

A) Describe 2 Studies Of Perceptual Development (12 Marks). Essays

a) Describe 2 studies of perceptual development (12 marks). b) Assess the way in which such studies help to explain the development of perception (12 marks). In the following essay I intend to describe two studies of perceptual development. I then intend to assess such studies and how they help to explain the development of perception. By perceptual development, I mean how animals and humans alike develop their seeing capabilities. This development of perception could be learnt or innate. By innate, I mean to be born with the ability. a) Gibson and Walk conducted a study in 1960. The study was investigating Depth Perception. The study involved a 6-month-old child, 24-hour-old chicks, kids and lambs. Gibson and Walk used a 'Visual Cliff' to conduct the study. The 'Visual Cliff' was comprised of 2 floors. On one side there was a check-board pattern, on the other side there is glass floor. Below the glass floor there was another floor with check-board pattern. This was placed so that an illusion of a cliff and depth was created. At first the child was placed and was found to be reluctant to go onto the glass. The child's reluctance could be seen as even with encouragement from the child's mother, the child refused to go onto the glass. The study was continued on chicks, kids and lambs. All subjects studied refused to go onto the glass. Held and Hein conducted a study in 1965. The study was investigating Depth Perception. The study involved two kittens. The kittens were kept in the dark for a period of eight weeks since their birth and for three hours per day they were kept in a 'Kitten Carousel'. The kittens were given appropriate name. 'Passive Kitten' and Active Kitten' were their names. The Active Kitten was given the ability to move freely at it's own discretion, during the eight weeks. The Passive Kitten was unable to move freely during the eight weeks. Both Kittens were released into the light. The Passive Kitten showed no evidence of perceiving depth. The Active Kitten did far better then the Passive Kitten. b) Studies like the above two help explain the development of perception. Studies do this by allowing us to understand if perception is learnt or an innate process. The first study suggested that their subjects could perceive Depth Perception. However the study did not clearly identify whether perception was innate or learnt. This could not be identified as the child's age created a 'time period' were perception could be learnt. To clarify this the study was conducted on animal subjects. All of the subjects could perceive depth. However the animal subjects walk from almost birth. This ability to walk suggests a different process of perception to the human perception. Perception in the animal subjects seems to be an innate process. The second study was confined to 'Kittens'. The study suggested that depth perception is learnt. This was suggested by the 'Passive Kitten', restricted from movement was unable to perceive depth once free. The kitten was unable to use sensory motor co-ordination. This suggests a link between perception and sensory motor co-ordination. The study suggested perception is learnt in kittens. Environment factors also may affect perception. The study had ethical concerns, the 'Passive Kitten' was 'crippled'. The Kittens parents may have a genetic affect on their behavior. The study does not suggest what type of kittens was investigated. For Example; 'Domestic or Non-Domestic'. There are other variations of Kittens (cats) and therefore this may be claimed as a variable. Hence making the results invalid. . Different types of Kittens usually require their parents for a varied period of their early life. This may affect the results. Both studies did not suggest what depth perception is like in 'Humans'. The studies were confined to animals, which can not communicate through any human created language and therefore misinterpretation can occur. Hence, the validity of the results comes into concern. Other studies of perception have occurred. However conducting studies of human perception is complicated, as it is not easy to generalise. Commonly studies are done on westernised subjects rather than subjects from third world countries. Studies suggest that cultural variation, environment and social aspects can have an affect on perception. Therefore many studies conducted up to date are invalid for

How to Pay for College Without Parents Help

How to Pay for College Without Parents' Help SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Paying for school is daunting enough when you have the financial support of your family. But for students whose parents can’t or won’t contribute to expenses, figuring out how to pay for college on your own becomes a whole different challenge. In this guide, I'll lay out everything you need to consider about how to pay forcollege without parents and all the steps you need to take. Table of Contents Fair warning: we're going to be talking abouta lotof stuff in this article. So here's a table of contents for you to use as a quick reference: Paying for College On Your Own: Why it Matters What Does College Even Cost? Minimizing Your College Costs: Instructions for Any Cost-Conscious Student Steps to Take if Your Parents Won't Pay What You Should Do if You're an Independent Student Closing the Gap: How to Cover Your Remaining Costs Creative Ways to Fund Your Education Example Scenarios What's Next? Paying for College on Your Own: Why It Matters The most significant sources of student financial aid are need-based. This means that family financial need is the main criterion taken into account when determining aid eligibility. Your finances are not considered separately from your family’s finances when aid sources determine financial need. This is the case even if your parents can't or won't help you pay for college. So why is it such a big deal if you can't count on your family to contribute to expenses? First, it's assumed that your parents are your family’s primary earners. As a student, you likely earn little to no money. If financial need were only based on a student applicant’s finances, everyone would be eligible for financial aid (spoiler art: not everyone is eligible for need-based financial aid). You’re considered a dependent of your parents, which means they’re the ones primarily responsible for funding your education. This is the case even if your parents don’t claim you as a dependent when they do your taxes. This is also true even if you can show that you’re self-sufficient and don’t depend on your parents for financial support, or if your parents are divorced. If families across the country could pay less for college by claiming that their kids are financially independent, financial aid sources would be overwhelmed. The conclusion here? Federal and school-based financial need arebased on your family’s overall finances. If your parents don’t submit their financial information for consideration, you won’t be eligible for most forms of aid. If they do submit their financial info and they’re low-need, you won’t be eligible for most forms of aid. You’d think that aid sources would have different aid eligibility criteria for students whose parents don’t want to pay for school, but this isn’t the case. If your parents refuse topay, the federal and institutional funding sources will likely wash their hands of the problem. This is a frustrating and unfair situation for any student to be in. You may feel you’re at a disadvantage here- and to be honest, you are. But whatever the reason that your parents won’t be contributing to your college education, there are steps you can take to maximize your aid eligibility. It won’t necessarily be as easy as paying for college with familial support, but it’s definitely not impossible. One of the best parts of going to college is the sense of freedom and independence that comes with adulthood. You have options and autonomy here as a young adult- so let’s get started figuring outhow to pay for college without parents. What Does College Even Cost? For the 2018-2019academic year, the average annual cost of tuition and fees was: $35,676at private colleges $9,716for state residents at public colleges $21,629for non-state residents at public colleges The cost of tuition and fees is usually the first expense that comes to mind when peoplethink about paying for college. Unfortunately, there’s a lot more to the picture than just tuition costs- there are hidden or implicit expenses associated with spending a year at college. Here are some of the biggest hidden costs you might encounter based on average amounts from 2018-2019: Room and board:averages $12,680at private 4-year colleges, $,140at public 4-year colleges College textbooks:about $1,240 Travel costs:vary widely based where you are and where you're going. For example, if you're going to anurban college, you might be able to take public transportation anywhere you want to go. But if you go to school across the country, you'll probably have to buy plane tickets to travel home over holidays or summer break. Lab fees and supplies:about $50 per class if they're not already rolled into fees Personal expenses:about $2,000,but this cost will fluctuate drastically based on a) the cost of living of your area, b) your budgeting skills, and c) your standard of living. Lumping together all of these expenses (especially if you can estimate travel costs and personal expenses) will give you a school’s real sticker price- also known as the Cost of Attendance, or CoA. It’s pretty easy to get an estimate of a school’s CoA- just google â€Å"[school name] cost of attendance.† To get a more detailed explanation of all these expenses, including tips and strategies for reducing costs, check our guide to what college will really cost you. Just a quick glance at these numbers will tell you that college is probably too expensive for you to cover on your own. What’s more important than sticker price, however, is your â€Å"net price† at a particular school:it’s what you pay after all financial aid is taken into account. This is what you actually oweout of pocketfor a year of college. Want to estimate your net price at almost any college? Just google â€Å"[school name] net price calculator.† Many schools have a tool built into their websites that will give you an estimate of how much you’ll pay out of pocket. These calculators take financial need and sometimes merit-based factors into account. Sometimes, though, the net price is still daunting, especially if you’ll be tackling it on your own. The rest of the post will be focusing on minimizing this net price, starting with smart college application strategies. Minimizing Your College Costs: Instructions for Any Cost-Conscious Student What do you do if you don't have access to a ton of resources? You try to minimize your costs from the start. If you’re applying to schools with price in mind, your strategy should focus on lowest net price, not necessarily lowest sticker price. Naturally, the best way to decrease your costs is to apply to schools that will offer you low netprices. Once you’ve been accepted to schools, you’ll receive official financial aid packages. You can then determine which packages you’re most comfortable with. Here are the types of schools that will give you the best deals. Top Private Schools A lot of well-ranked schools (including Ivy League universities and top liberal arts colleges) have especially generous financial policies. The bulk of financial aid at these schools tends to be need-based, not merit-based, so you may not get much aid if you come from a wealthy background. Notably, the Cost of Attendance (or sticker price) for these schools will likely be higher than those ofpublic schools. You might be wondering what constitutes a "wealthy" background according to these schools. Thevery top schools- think Harvard, Princeton, Yale- sometimes give aid to families who make $150,000 and up. For families who are wealthier than that, Harvard asks them to contribute no more than 10% of total income. The bottom line is that these competitive schools can even afford to help out families who are relatively well-off. This means that even if your parents don’t pay for school, you could still be eligible for generous aid based on your family’s financial situation. Schools That Offer Generous Merit-Based Aid If you’re a high-achieving student but don’t think you’ll qualify for much need-based aid based on your family’s finances, you should look into schools that offer generous merit scholarships. Schools with generous merit-based aid programs often offer scholarships to attract competitive students. If you have a particular talent (e.g. if you're an athlete or musician), or if you have high grades and test scores, you could be offered some pretty large scholarships. If you're interested in a particular school, just google "[school name] scholarships" to see what sort of aid they offer. You can also start bychecking our list of schools with the best financial aid. Public Schools Public colleges and universitiescan be reasonably priced for in-state studentsbut very expensive for out-of-state students. They also offer much less generous financial aid packages than some of the top private schools, although they may offer more merit-based aid to attract competitive applicants. if you’re interested in attending a public university and won’t be getting assistance from your parents, you should definitely apply to a wide range of in-state schools. Steps to Take If Your Parents Won't Pay Here's where we start getting intothe nitty-gritty steps ofpaying for your education. After strategically applying to schools, the most effective way to cover your college expenses is to apply for as much financial aid as possible. Even if your parents don’t want to contribute financially to your college education, there are ways that they can help make financial aid available to you. The bottom line is that more financial aidmeans a lower net price. Like I mentioned earlier, the main sources of financial aid are federal and institutional (i.e. aid from your school). You can still qualify for aid from these sources if your parents won't be paying for any part of your school expenses, but you’ll need your parents’ help in applying. Assuming you’re already using the college application strategies that I’ve discussed above, here are the steps you should take in order to maximize your aid eligibility: Step 1: Submit a FAFSA, or Free Application for Federal Student Aid This is the only application you'll need to submit to qualify for federal aid. Many schools also use the FAFSA to award their own aid. In order to qualify forthings like the Pell Grant, Perkins loan, or Direct Subsidized loan, you'll need to submit your parents' financial information even if they won't be contributing. For detailed instructions on submitting this application, check out our guide to applying for financial aid or ourguide to the FAFSA. Step 2: Apply for Scholarships You can receive funding for schools through private organizations that offer grants or scholarships. If your family is low-need, apply for merit-based awards;if your family is high-need, you can apply for both merit- and need-based awards. There are so many scholarship programs out there- national, local, big, small. You should do your own scholarship search by looking for awards that are tailored to your interests, background, location, and ethnicity. Start off by checking out our guides to top scholarships for high school juniors and seniors. Once you have a plan for submitting a FAFSA and applying for scholarships, you'll need to talk with your parent or guardians about getting the information you need from them. It's important to start an open dialogue about financial aid with your parents. How to Talk to Your Parents About Applying for Financial Aid If your parents can’t or won’t pay for college expenses, they may be wary about filling out a FAFSA or giving out financial information for need-based scholarships. It's important toassure them that submitting a complete FAFSA with their financial information does not obligate them to help you pay for college. The FAFSA has nothing to do with your bills or college expenses...it’s simply an aid application. Bottom line: if they refuse to help you with your FAFSA, they’re not protecting themselves. They’re just impeding you from qualifying for financial aid. What if, though, they're just overwhelmed by the process of completing and submitting a FAFSA? If this is the case, you can let them know that the FAFSA only takes 2-3 hours to complete. You could even do it on your own if you have your family's financial information handy: Social Security Numbers for you and your parents Alien Registration Numbers (if you or your parents aren't US citizens) Recent federal tax returns, W-2s, and other records or income for both you and your parents Any records of untaxed income The sooner you submit your FAFSA, the better, so don't put off having these discussions with your parents or guardians! What You Should Do If You're an Independent Student If you're classified as independent, you'll be doing things a little differently. If you’re still in high school, chances are that you are a dependent student, and everything I’ve written so far will apply to you. In other words, your family’s finances will be an important factor in determining how much aid you’re eligible for. But not all students who attend college will be considered dependents, and as such, they won’t need to submit their parents’ financial info for consideration when they fill out their FAFSA. Independent students don’t have to pay for college on their own. Parents canhelp if they’d like, but both colleges and the FDOE award aid under the assumption that independents will be paying their own way. This will work to your advantage when it comes to aid eligibility, particularly if your parents are relatively wealthy. If your family’s finances aren’t considered when schools and the federal government determine aid eligibility, you'll likely receive more need-based aid. Who Qualifies as an Independent? You may be considered independent if: You’ll be 24 or older by 12/31 of the school year for which you’re applying for aid You’ll be in school for a post-grad degree You’re married or separated (but not divorced) You have children who receive more than half of their financial support from you You have dependents (besides children or a spouse) who live with you and receive more than half of their financial support from you You were a ward/dependent of the court, in foster care, or both your parents were deceased at any point after you turned 13 You’re an emancipated minor or in a legal guardianship as determined by a court You’re an unaccompanied youth who is homeless, or self-supporting and at risk of being homeless You’re currently serving on active duty in the US armed forces for purposes other than training You’re a veteran of the US armed forces The FAFSA asks all necessary questions to determine independent/dependent student status, so just answer the prompts honestly when you fill out the application. What If You Don’t Meet the Above Criteria? If you don’t qualify as an independent student but strongly feel that your parents’ financial information shouldn’t be considered when you submit your FAFSA, you should look into a dependency override. A dependency overrideis when financial aid administrators change a student’s status from dependent to independent so that they aren’t required to submit parents’ financial info for consideration on the FAFSA. As a result, the student will likely qualify for much more need-based aid. Dependency overrides are very rare, though. 896rxwhat you think may count as an â€Å"unusual situation† may be discounted by federal financial aid administrators. Here are some situations that will not qualify for dependency overrides: Parents simply refuse to pay for any college expenses Parents are unwilling to provide any information on the FAFSA for verification Parents don’t claim you as a dependent for income tax purposes You (the student) demonstrate total financial self-sufficiency Here are some situations that MAY qualify for dependency overrides: An abusive family environment (e.g. sexual, physical, or mental abuse or other forms of domestic violence) Abandonment by parents Incarceration or institutionalization of both parents Parents lack the physical or mental capacity to raise a child Parents' whereabouts are unknown, or parents can’t be located Parents hospitalized for an extended period An unsuitable household (e.g. you’re removed from the household and placed in foster care) Your spouse dies, or you get divorced If any of these situations apply to you, you may need to present evidence or documentation to support your circumstances. Dependency overrides are decided on a case-by-case basis- if you think you might apply for one, you should read more about the process. Closing the Gap: How to Cover Your Remaining Costs You're almost at the finish line. At this point, you should have an idea of whether you're(1) high-need or low-need and (2) dependent or independent. You should also have an idea of the types of schools you'll apply to- for example, top private schools, in-state public schools, schools with generous merit aid, or some combination. After you submit your college applications, you’ll receive financial aid packages from schools with all the federal aid and school-based aid you’re eligible for, including grants, scholarships, and some federal loan options. You’ll decide what forms of aid you want to accept, and which ones you’d prefer not to take. Here, I'll briefly discuss the types of aid you may receive, and which types are better than other. Grants and Scholarships: These equate tofree money. You should acceptthis aid if it’s available to you. Loans: Loans are amounts of money that you have to pay back after you graduate, plus interest charges. Some loans are much better than others, meaning you'll end up paying less money in the long run. Federal loans are generally good options because they often have lower interest rates. There are a lot of important considerations if you're thinking about taking out loans, so it's important to educate yourself! Read more about federal loans like the Perkins, Direct Subsidized, and Direct Unsubsidized. You should also learn more about how to apply for student loans andreducingthe amount of student debt that you have to take on. Financial aid packages often build in a parental contribution based on family’s finances. If your parents won’t be contributing this amount, it becomes your responsibility...and they aren’t obligated to pay it. If you want to be able to register for classes and actually attend college, this amount needs to be covered. If grants and scholarships don’t cover all your college costs, it’ll be up to you to decide how much student debt you're comfortable with to close that gap. In the next section, I'll talk more about how to use student loans to cover your college expenses. Using Student Loans to Pay for School The average U.S. college graduate has about$37,000 in student debt after graduation. If you’re paying for college without the help of your parents, you may end up with more than the average amount of student debt, especially if you are responsible for paying the â€Å"parental contribution.† Student loans aren’t inherently bad, and you’re not a failure if you graduate with student debt (most people graduate with some loan debt). If you’re smart about the types of loans you take out, your debt should be pretty manageable over the long run. "Good" Loans Most federal loans are â€Å"good." They have low-interest rates compared to private loans and come with a built-in grace period (a period after you graduate where you don’t have to make payments). The best types of loans are subsidized, which means they don't accrue interestwhile you’re not making payments, so you owe less in the long run. They also may be forgivable if you enter certain public service careers, so they end up functioning as a grant. "Bad" Loans Private loans usually have less favorable terms than federal loans. For example, they won't be subsidized, and they'll likely come with higher interest rates. Typically, private loans are the last resort in covering any remaining balance that you owe for school. Private loans may be difficult for you to get on your own. Most require a cosigner, another person to sign the loan who takes responsibility for the amount borrowed. If you take out a private loan, then you'll probably need a parent or another family member (with good credit) to cosign. No Loans If you want to try to avoid debt, check out our guide on paying for college without taking on student loans. Without financial help from family members, however, it might be unrealistic in certain situations to try to pay for college without loans. Itmay be possible, though, for students who qualify for a lot of need-based aid. Creative Ways toPay for College Without Parents These ideas may not be revolutionary, but they'll get you thinking outside the box. We have talked a lot so far about the challenges of paying for college on your own, in addition to theways you can minimize your costs. In this section, I'll go over some more creative ways to come up with funds for college after you've looked into the normal financial aid and loan options. Scholarships I've briefly touched on scholarships a bit earlier in this post as a way to come up with funds.There are two main types of scholarships: Need-based: Good options for high-achieving, low-income students Merit-based: Good options for high-achieving students regardless of income Now, scholarships are never a sure bet, but they can cover a good chunk of your expenses if you areproactive about submitting applications and you do your own research about local or targeted scholarships. To get started, check out our scholarship guides on the top awards for high school juniors and seniors. Student Jobs If you get a student job while you're in college, you can potentially put moneytowards your bills for tuition, room, and board. You could also use your incometo cover yourdaily personal expenses. This isn't a great option for everyone, however. If you'reworking so much that your schoolwork starts to suffer, it defeats the purpose of getting a student job. If you canbalance a student job with your academic responsibilities so that you have money to put towards your bills, working might be a good call. Read more about whether it's a good idea to get a job as a student. You know what's even better than getting a job during the semester? Getting a paid internship during winterbreak or summer vacation. In this case, you get professional experience anda chance to put money towards school. It's a win-win! High School Savings If you’re currently in high school and anticipate that you’ll be on your own for college, you might want to consider getting a job now. This isn’t right for everyone (for the reasons I listed above), but if you have the time and the initiative, it could help you build up a nest egg before you head off to college. To get started, read more about the best jobs for teens. Family Support Sometimes support can come from unexpected places. If you're reading this article, your parents probably won't be contributing much to your college expenses. Butdo you have grandparents, aunts, or uncles who may be willing to help you out with college costs? If you feel comfortable bringing this up with family members, it may be a good move to seek financial help from people other than your parents.If you feel uncomfortable asking for funds outright, consider asking to borrow money and then paying it back with student job or post-graduation earnings. You can also ask for funds for college costsfor holidays and birthdays. Example Scenarios You've learned a lot, but now you have to put all this information to the test. This stuff may be confusing to understand at first, so in this section I'll present some example scenarios to demonstrate the concepts we've discussed how to pay for college on your own. These are real-world scenarios, using real schools, to give you a realistic idea of howcollege expenses play out in different situations. Scenario#1: Student From a Low-Income Family As youalready know, students from low-income families may be eligible for quite a few need-based aid programs, especially if they're relatively high-achieving. Student A Information State Residency: California Family Size: 5 Family Income: $50,000/year Academic Status: Strong 3.5 GPA, 1800 combined SAT score Student ACollege Applications Student A wants to tackle her college expenses by cutting costs and seeking out as much funding as possible. She applies to several schools, including an in-state public school (UC Irvine) and an out-of-state private school (Davidson College). Here's what her expenses would look like at UC Irvine and Davidson, based on both schools' financial aid calculators (remember, she has to have her parents fill out a FAFSA in order to be eligible for federal loans): School UC Irvine Davidson Total Cost of Attendance $32,102 $62,894 Estimated Grant Eligibility $22,031 $58,794 Estimated Net Price (Cost of Attendance minus Grants) $10,071 $4,100 Estimated Federal Loan Eligibility $5,500 $4,100 Estimated Out-of-Pocket Costs (Net Price minus Federal Loan Eligibility) $4,571 $0 Based on her estimated out-of-pocket costs, she thinks that Davidson College will be the more financially prudent choice. Still, she wants to work to minimize her federal student loan amount ($4,100). Here are steps she can take to help cover expenses: Get a student job.Student A would prefer not to work during the semester because she plans on being involved in many extracurricular activities. She can still work during summer and winter breaks, though. If she works full time for 10 weeks, bringing home $/hr, she could make $4,400 her freshman year. Amount Earned: $4,400 Apply for outside scholarships.If Student A receives outside scholarship money in addition to earning her own income, she could potentiallybring in more money than she'd spend her freshman year. I bet you didn't think it was possible to make money going to college!She starts by checking out our guide to scholarships for high school seniors. No scholarship is a sure thing, but applying to as many scholarships as possible (even small ones) will increase her chances of earning some money. Let's say that Student A wins a relatively small, $500 scholarship Amount Earned:$500 Student A decides she's able to make Davidson work. Here's a quick breakdown of how she's able to cover her estimated out-of-pocket costs: Estimated Out-of-Pocket Costs $4,100 Federal Loans - $0 (she chooses not to take loans) Scholarship Winnings - $500 Student Job Earnings - $4,400 Remaining Balance + $800 Amazingly, Student A walks away with $800 extra dollars her freshman year, even though she doesn't receive any financial support from her family. The vast majority of her expenses arecovered with need-based financial aid. This wouldn't have happened, however, if she didn't get into a school with a great financial aid program.It goes to show that one of the best things you can do toensure college affordability isto come to your college apps with a strong academic record. Scenario #2: Student from a RelativelyHigh-Income Family Students from high-income families may not qualify for much need-based financial aid (even if they're paying for college on their own), but that doesn't mean they can't get funding from other sources, especially if they have solid grades and test scores. Student B Information State Residency: AZ FamilySize: 4 Family Income: $100,000/year Academic Status: About average 3.0 GPA, 1500 combined SAT score Student B College Applications Like Student A, Student B wants to minimize his costs because he knows he'll be responsible for all college expenses. Heapplies to several schools, including an in-state public school (Arizona State University) and an out-of-state private school (Lesley University). Here's what his expenses would look like atArizona State University and Lesley, based on both schools' financial aid calculators: School ASU Lesley Total Cost of Attendance $27,260 $43,600 Estimated Grants from School $3,000 $8,000 Estimated Net Price (Cost of Attendance minus Grants) $24,260 $35,600 Estimated Federal Loan Eligibility $5,500 $5,500 Estimated Out-of-Pocket Costs (Net Price minus Federal Loan Eligibility) $18,760 $28,700 Based on expected out-of-pocket costs, he thinks ASU will be the less expensive choice. Still, he doesn't think he can come up with $18,760 per year (on top of the $5,500 in annual federal loans) while he's a full-time student. Here are the steps he can take to reduce his costs: Live at home. If he attends an in-state public school, and the school's close enough to his parents' home, he could save a pretty good chunk of change. At ASU, the cost of room and board comes to $10,400. If Student B lives (and eats) at home rent-free, he could deduct that amount from his out-of-pocket costs. He might end uppaying for some or all of his meals, and he might incur extra travel expenses to get to and from school. This could decrease the amount he actually saves. Maximum Amount Saved: $10,400 Apply for outside scholarships.Student B receives a $3,000 grant from ASU, but he knows that applying for outside scholarships could help get him more funding. He starts by checking out our guide to scholarships for high school seniors. It's free to apply for most legitimate scholarships programs, so he wouldn't lose any money bysubmitting applications. Maximum Amount Saved:Indefinite Let's say Student B is able to live at home for free but doesn't win any scholarships. He saves $10,400 of his original estimated out-of-pocket cost, $18,760. He still has to come up with $8,360 to fund his freshman year. Here are the steps he can take to cover his remaining cost: Get a student job. If Student B works an average of 8 hours a week over the course of the year and brings home $10/hr, he could make $4,160 his freshman year. This is a pretty conservative estimate since he could work full-time over the summer or on breaks. Amount Earned: $4,160 Take out private loans. After subtracting his job earnings from his costs, Student B still has to come up with $4,200 to cover his expenses for his freshman year. He decides to take out this amount in private student loans. He knows he'll have to pay this back after he graduates. Amount Earned: $4,200 Student B decides he's able to make ASU work. Here's a quick breakdown of how he's able to cover his Estimated Out-of-Pocket costs: Estimated Out-of-Pocket Costs $24,260 Federal Loans - $5,500 Living at Home Savings - $10,400 Scholarship Winnings - $0 Student Job Earnings - $4,160 Private Student Loans - $4,200 Remaining Balance $0 Now that you've seen how these cost-cutting and money saving tips work in action, you can go ahead and apply these concepts to your own college and financial aid applications. The above scenarios won't apply to everybody, but the thought processes demonstrated above definitely do. What's Next? If you're eager for more information, there are a ton of things you can learn about to help prepare yourself for upcoming bills and expenses. You might start by brushing up on federal financial aid, and programs like the Pell Grant and Perkins loans are key. The FAFSA is an important part of the federal aid process. If you're looking for a broader overview of concepts, you could read our guide to applying for financial aid. While you're at it, check out a list of colleges with the best financial aid programs. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: